The earliest known Wiccan version is found in a document dating from the late 1940s, Gereald Gardner's ritual notebook titled Ye Bok of Ye Art Magical ( fomerly in the collection of Ripley's International, Toronto ).

* Helen Gardner ; Fred S. Kleiner, Christin J. Mamiya, Gardner's Art through the Ages.

A leather bound manuscript written in Gardner's handwriting that was titled Ye Bok of Ye Art Magical was later found amongst his papers from the Museum after his death by Aidan Kelly and was later obtained by Richard and Tamarra James of the Wiccan Church of Canada.

Gardner's Art Through the Ages, 12th edition, Thomson Wadworth, 2005, pg 595.

Gardner's Art Through the Ages and Silverman presents a similar view that the bust was deliberately kept unfinished.

1996: Gardner's Art Through the Ages-10th Edition, USA: Harcourt Brace College, 136-137.

* Kleiner, Fred S .; and Mamiya, Christin J., Gardner's Art Through the Ages ( 2004 ).

* Gardner's Art Through the Ages,

* Kleiner, Fred S .; and Mamiya, Christin J., Gardner's Art Through the Ages ( 2004 ).

* Kleiner, Fred & Mamiya, Christian J. Gardner's Art Through the Ages.

The Laws do not appear in earlier known Wiccan documents, including Gardner's Ye bok of Ye Art Magical, Text A or B, or in any of Doreen Valiente ’ s notebooks including one commonly referred to as Text C.

* Klein, Christopher P. ( Editor in Chief ) Gardner's Art Through the Ages.

* Fred S. Kleiner, Gardner's Art Through The Ages: The Western Perspective, Volume I.

In 1987, the James ' purchased much of Gerald Gardner's collection back from Ripleys, this included Ye Bok of Ye Art Magical.

There has been speculation that Gardner's interest and expertise in antique swords and knives, and in particular the magical kris knives of Malaysia and Indonesia, may have contributed to the tool's central importance in modern Wicca.

The paired arrangement may have been inspired by the 1865 prison portraits taken by Alexander Gardner of accused conspirators in the Lincoln assassination trial, though Gardner's photographs were full-body portraits with only the heads turned for the profile shots.

Valiente was unhappy with this version, saying that " people seemed to have some difficulty with this, because of the various goddess-names which they found hard to pronounce ", and so she rewrote it as a prose version, much of which differs from her initial version, and is more akin to Gardner's version.

Various forms of Wicca have since evolved or been adapted from Gardner's British Traditional Wicca or Gardnerian Wicca such as Alexandrian Wicca.

Although many of Gardner's claims have since come under intensive criticism from sources both within and without the Neopagan community, his works remain the most important founding stone of Wicca.

The various branches of Neopaganism and other Earth religions that have emerged since Gardner's publication tend to follow a pattern in combining the practice of magic and religion, although this combination is not exclusive to them.

In other Wiccan traditions and amongst a number of solitary practitioners, alternate versions of the Book have been written that are independent of Gardner's original.

Traditional intelligence tests and psychometrics have generally found high correlations between different tasks and aspects of intelligence, rather than the low correlations which Gardner's theory predicts.

A number of articles have surveyed the use of Gardner's ideas and conclude that there is little to no academically substantiated evidence that his ideas work in practice.

Ronald Hutton and Leo Ruickbie have concluded that Clutterbuck is unlikely to have been involved in Gardner's activities, in particular because of her apparent commitment to Christianity.

Faced with challenges from sceptics, Valiente attempted, with some success, to provide evidence for Gardner's claims concerning his initiation, notably by identifying the woman Gardner called ' Old Dorothy ' as Dorothy Clutterbuck in 1980, the woman who was supposed to have performed Gardner's initiation, in an essay published in The Witches ' Way by Janet and Stewart Farrar.

Parental alienation syndrome is not recognized as a disorder by the medical or legal communities and Gardner's theory and related research have been extensively criticized by legal and mental health scholars for lacking scientific validity and reliability.

Gardner's proposed intervention for moderate and severe PAS, including court-ordered transfer to the alienated parent, fines, house arrest, incarceration, have been critiqued for their punitive nature towards the alienating parent and alienated child, and for the risk of abuse of power and violation of their civil rights.

Gardner's formulation of PAS is critiqued as lacking a scientific basis, and as a hypothesis whose proponents have failed to meet the scientific burden of proof to merit acceptance.

In John Gardner's novel The Return of Moriarty, Moran is stated to have taken temporary charge of Moriarty's organization while The Professor was away from London following the events at the Reichenbach Falls ( which are explained as never having happened as Watson later Holmes described them ).

* Several fictional characters have also been called mathemagicians, such as Martin Gardner's " Victor Eigen.

Published in 1954, Witchcraft Today recounts Gardner's thoughts on the history and the practices of the witch-cult, and his claim to have met practising Witches in 1930s England.

The Motley Fool have recently launched an online newsletter called " Supernova " which chooses from David Gardner's 150 or so stock picks and puts them into two portfolios: " Odyssey " for aggressive investors.

However, according to Hutton, " no academic historian has ever taken seriously Gardner's claim to have discovered a genuine survival of ancient religion " and it is thought that the group had been founded some time in the 1920s or 1930s based upon Murray's theories.

Commenting on Gardner's version of the problem, Bar-Hillel and Falk note that " Mr. Smith, unlike the reader, is presumably aware of the sex of both of his children when making this statement ", i. e. that ' I have two children and at least one of them is a boy.

It has been shown that Gerald Gardner's book collection which was acquired by Ripley's Believe It or Not!

Ruickbie, Hutton, and others further argue that much of what has been published of Gardnerian Wicca, as Gardner's practice came to be known by, was written by Blake, Yeats, Valiente and Crowley and contains borrowings from other identifiable sources.

In this, of course, he has been born out by modern neuropsychology which now can describe both discrete cognitive capacities ( see Howard Gardner's work on " multiple intelligences ") and discrete neurological evolutionary " modules " which account for these abilities ( for example, as described in Joseph Ledoux's book The Synaptic Self ).

It appeared to be a first draft of Gardner's Book of Shadows, and featured sections based upon the rituals of the Ordo Templi Orientis which had been devised by the occultist Aleister Crowley.

The book was attributed to one of Gardner's followers, Jack L. Bracelin, but had in fact been written by Shah.

PAS has been criticized for making clinical work with children who are alienated more confusing and Gardner's analysis has been criticized for inappropriately assigning all responsibility of the child's behavior to one parent when the child's behavior is oftentimes, but not always, the result of a dynamic in which both parents and the child play a role.

Gardner's son, Carl Jr., officially joined The Coasters in late 2005, after Gardner semi-retired, although Carl Jr. had been touring with them since at least 1998.

This omitted not only the numerous captains who had taken part in the battle, but also Vice-Admiral John Colpoys of London, whose ship had been much more heavily engaged than Gardner's.

Bulk density of a region in the interior of the earth is also related to the seismic velocity of waves travelling through it: for P-waves, this has been quantified with Gardner's relation.