* Nasmyth, Gaskell and Company also called the Bridgewater Foundry

Elizabeth Gaskell was also a successful writer and first novel, Mary Barton, was published anonymously in 1848.

Another related novel, North and South by Elizabeth Gaskell, was also published in this magazine.

' He also encouraged Gaskell to include chapters 36 and 37, the dialectical glosses added by William Gaskell, a preface and the chapter epigraphs.

Gaskell also describes an Italian torture chamber where the victim is afforded many luxuries at first but in the end the walls of the cell start closing in and finally they crush him.

Stephen Derry mentions that Gaskell uses the concept of the shrinking cell to describe John Barton's state of mind but also added the element of luxury in order to further enhance it.

He also assisted at the Sunday School at Cross Street where he met William Fairbairn and William Gaskell.

In the early 21st century, with Gaskell ’ s work “ enlisted in contemporary negotiations of nationhood as well as gender and class identities ” ( Matus, 2007, p. 9 ), North and South — one of the first industrial novels describing the conflicts between employers and workers — is now seen as presenting not only a narrative that depicts social conflicts as more complex but also as offering more satisfactory solutions through its heroine, Margaret Hale, spokesperson for the author, and Gaskell ’ s most mature creation.

These early chapters in different places have also been taken to mean a theme of mobility in the novel: In moving from one place to another, the heroine learns to understand herself and the world better and it advances Gaskell ’ s intent to show Margaret ’ s going where Victorian women were not supposed to go — the public sphere.

Matus ( 2007, pp. 35-43 ) also focuses on Gaskell ’ s depiction of “ interiority ,” or psychic process particularly as expressed in dreams and trances such as Thornton ’ s dream of Margaret as a temptress or the “ trance of passion ” of the rioters.

According to Bodenheimer, the narrative in the novel may sometimes appear melodramatic and sentimental ( e. g., But, for all that — for all his savage words, he could have thrown himself at her feet, and kissed the hem of her garment ( chapter 29 )), particularly in the riot scene, but she also sees Gaskell ’ s best writing as “ done with the unjudging openness to experience ” that she shares with D. H. Lawrence ( Bodenheimar, 1979, pp. 296-300 ).

Matus also finds Gaskell ’ s vocabulary “ Gothicized ” in descriptions of the characters ’ agonized inner life — their responses of suffering and pain — that may appear melodramatic when taken out of context.

Gaskell also uses one of the causes of conflicts between masters and workers, the installation of ventilators in the carding rooms to show the cupidity of one and the ignorance of the other in making social progress difficult ( Navailles, 1983 ), and calls attention to the extremely strong anti-Irish prejudices in the city where the Irish constitute a very small minority.

However Elizabeth Gaskell, who believed that marriage provided ' clear and defined duties ' that were beneficial for a woman, encouraged Charlotte to consider the positive aspects of such a union, and even tried to use her contacts to engineer an improvement in Nicholls ' financial situation.

Though frank in places, Gaskell was selective about which details she revealed ; she suppressed details of Charlotte's love for Heger, a married man, as being too much of an affront to contemporary morals and source of distress to Charlotte's still-living father, husband and friends.

A scathing unsigned critique from the publication Leader, accused Gaskell of a number of errors about Lancashire that a resident of Manchester would not make ; saying a woman ( or clergymen and women ) could not " understand industrial problems ” and would " know too little about the cotton industry ” and, therefore, has no “ right to add to the confusion by writing about it " ( Chapman 1999, p. 28 ).

While the reinstitution in 1850 by Pope Pius IX of a Roman Catholic hierarchy in England was generally strongly condemned, Gaskell assumes an open mind about Catholicism and has Frederick Hale converting to his Spanish wife ’ s Catholic religion ( Matus, 2007, p 174 ).

Elizabeth Gaskell wrote a novel of manners, but in the broader context of an industrial novel about inhabitants of the Black Country, where young girls like Bessy die of " cotton consumption ", capitalists disregard legal obligations, and workers refuse prophylactic facilities, instigate strikes or create riots ( O ' Farrell, 1997, p 58 ).

* The Life of Charlotte Brontë, Elizabeth Gaskell

Just as Jane Austen had addressed the restricted lives women faced in the early part of the century, Charlotte Brontë, Anne Brontë, Elizabeth Gaskell and George Eliot depicted women's misery and frustration.

In a letter quoted by Elizabeth Gaskell in her book The Life of Charlotte Brontë, Charlotte wrote: " My dear husband, too, appears in a new light in his own country.

Among the crayon portraits were Cardinal Newman ( 1844 ), John Keble, Henry Hallam ( 1843 ), Charlotte Brontë ( 1850 ), Elizabeth Gaskell ( 1851 ), Lord Macaulay ( 1844 and 1850 ), Sir Charles Lyell ( 1853 ), Michael Faraday ( 1852 ), and Lord Lyndhurst ( 1847 ).

The novel has frequently been favorably compared to the similarly-focused Shirley by the better-known novelist and friend of Gaskell, Charlotte Brontë.

Elizabeth Gaskell would have preferred to call the novel Margaret Hale, the heroine's name, as she did in 1848 for the novel Mary Barton, but Dickens prevailed, saying in a letter dated July 26, 1854, that " North South ” seems better.

His rebellion parallels that of the strike by workers who take up the cause to feed their children ( Gaskell, 1855, chapter 17 ).

Higgins, in particular, who Thornton considers among " mere demagogues, lovers of power, at whatever costs to others ,"( Gaskell, 1855, chapter 38 ) assumes the responsibility for raising the Boucher children and embodies the values of maternal tenderness ( lacking in Mrs. Thornton ) and strength ( not possessed by Mrs. Hale ) with great dignity.

In view of the success of her novels, particularly Jane Eyre, Charlotte was persuaded by her publisher to visit London occasionally, where she revealed her true identity and began to move in a more exalted social circle, becoming friends with Harriet Martineau and Elizabeth Gaskell, and acquainted with William Makepeace Thackeray and G. H. Lewes.

Charlotte's friendship with fellow writer Elizabeth Gaskell, whilst not necessarily close, was significant in that Gaskell wrote Charlotte's biography after her death in 1855.

Charlotte became pregnant soon after the marriage but her health declined rapidly and according to Gaskell, she was attacked by " sensations of perpetual nausea and ever-recurring faintness.

It has been argued that the approach of Mrs Gaskell transferred the focus of attention away from the ' difficult ' novels, not just Charlotte's, but all the sisters, and began a process of sanctification of their private lives.

Written in French except for one postscript in English, the letters broke Charlotte's image as an angelic martyr to Christian and female duties that had been constructed by many biographers, beginning with Gaskell.

* 1865 – Elizabeth Gaskell, English novelist ( b. 1810 )

In 1850, he had initiated a local athletic competition that he referred to as " Meetings of the Olympian Class " at the Gaskell recreation ground at Much Wenlock, Shropshire.

The following year, having met her in 1834 at the London home of Old Etonian friend and then fellow-Conservative MP, James Milnes Gaskell he married Catherine Glynne, to whom he remained married until his death 59 years later.

* November 12 – Elizabeth Gaskell, British novelist and biographer ( b. 1810 )

* Elizabeth Gaskell publishes Mary Barton anonymously.

* September 29 – Elizabeth Gaskell, British novelist ( d. 1865 )

The University was located on seven sites of which five were in Manchester ( All Saints, Aytoun, Didsbury, Elizabeth Gaskell, and Hollings ) and two were in Cheshire ( Alsager and Crewe ) and has begun to ' rationalise ' its estate with a view to reducing the number of sites to two.

Health-related and psychology programmes are based at the Elizabeth Gaskell Campus, Hathersage Road, Rusholme, whilst social work and social change programmes are located at Didsbury.

The name of " Elizabeth Gaskell " commemorates the novelist Elizabeth Gaskell who lived in Plymouth Grove nearby.

Other writers who have been influenced by the Nights include John Barth, Jorge Luis Borges, Salman Rushdie, Goethe, Walter Scott, Thackeray, Wilkie Collins, Elizabeth Gaskell, Nodier, Flaubert, Marcel Schwob, Stendhal, Dumas, Gérard de Nerval, Gobineau, Pushkin, Tolstoy, Hofmannsthal, Conan Doyle, W. B. Yeats, H. G. Wells, Cavafy, Calvino, Georges Perec, H. P. Lovecraft, Marcel Proust, A. S. Byatt and Angela Carter.