Gauss would later solve this puzzle about his birthdate in the context of finding the date of Easter, deriving methods to compute the date in both past and future years.

Gauss, who was 23 at the time, heard about the problem and tackled it.

Its major part resembles the field of a bar magnet (" dipole field ") inclined by about 10 ° to the rotation axis of Earth, but more complex parts (" higher harmonics ") also exist, as first shown by Carl Friedrich Gauss.

Carl Friedrich Gauss and Wilhelm Weber built and first used for regular communication the electromagnetic telegraph in 1833 in Göttingen, connecting Göttingen Observatory and the Institute of Physics, covering a distance of about 1 km.

Gauss discovered that the law of biquadratic reciprocity and its supplements were more easily stated and proved as statements about " whole complex numbers " ( i. e. the Gaussian integers ) than they are as statements about ordinary whole numbers ( i. e. the integers ).

The Gauss – Bonnet theorem or Gauss – Bonnet formula in differential geometry is an important statement about surfaces which connects their geometry ( in the sense of curvature ) to their topology ( in the sense of the Euler characteristic ).

The Earth's magnetic field strength was measured by Carl Friedrich Gauss in 1835 and has been repeatedly measured since then, showing a relative decay of about 10 % over the last 150 years.

Dunnington wrote several articles about Gauss and later a biography entitled Gauss: Titan of Science ( ISBN 0-88385-547-X ).

Mordell's book starts with a remark on homogeneous equations f = 0 over the rational field, attributed to C. F. Gauss, that non-zero solutions in integers ( even primitive lattice points ) exist if non-zero rational solutions do, and notes a caveat of L. E. Dickson, which is about parametric solutions.

Fraenkel also was interested in the history of mathematics, writing in 1920 and 1930 about Gauss ' works in algebra, and he published a biography of Georg Cantor.

Legendre and Gauss both applied the method to the problem of determining, from astronomical observations, the orbits of bodies about the Sun ( mostly comets, but also later the then newly discovered minor planets ).

As a consequence, the scale variation within a Gauss – Krüger zone is about 1 / 6 of what it is in a UTM zone.

Hardy expounds by commenting about a phrase attributed to Carl Friedrich Gauss that " Mathematics is the queen of the sciences and number theory is the queen of mathematics ".

Some people believe that it is the extreme non-applicability of number theory that led Gauss to the above statement about number theory ; however, Hardy points out that this is certainly not the reason.

The biographical sections give relevant information about the lives of mathematicians who worked in these areas, including Euler, Gauss, Dirichlet, Lobachevsky, Chebyshev, Vallée-Poussin, Hadamard, as well as Riemann himself.

E. T. Bell in his 1937 book Men of Mathematics ( page 237 ) claims that Gauss said " There have been but three epoch-making mathematicians, Archimedes, Newton, and Eisenstein ", and this has been widely quoted in writings about Eisenstein.

, one of Gauss's last students and a historian of mathematics, who was summarizing a remark made by Gauss about Eisenstein in a conversation many years earlier.

The famous mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss commented that someone skilled in calculation could have done the 100-digit calculation in about half that time with pencil and paper.

*-Discussion of Waltershausen as source on Gauss numbers story including partial translation of Waltershausen book on Gauss Scientist online Volume 94 Number: 3 Page 200 Gauss's Day of Reckoning: A famous story about the boy wonder of mathematics has taken on a life of its own, Brian Hayes

On the other hand, using the universal Elias gamma coding for the Gauss – Kuzmin distribution results in an expected codeword length ( about 3. 51 bits ) near entropy ( about 3. 43 bits ).

It was based on an earlier code developed by Carl Friedrich Gauss and Wilhelm Weber in 1834.

Carl Friedrich Gauss was born on 30 April 1777 in Braunschweig ( Brunswick ), in the Duchy of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel, now part of Lower Saxony, Germany, as the son of poor working-class parents.

Gauss was so pleased by this result that he requested that a regular heptadecagon be inscribed on his tombstone.

Gauss also discovered that every positive integer is representable as a sum of at most three triangular numbers on 10 July and then jotted down in his diary the famous note: " ΕΥΡΗΚΑ!

The discovery of Ceres led Gauss to his work on a theory of the motion of planetoids disturbed by large planets, eventually published in 1809 as Theoria motus corporum coelestium in sectionibus conicis solem ambientum ( Theory of motion of the celestial bodies moving in conic sections around the Sun ).

" Four normal distribution | Gaussian distributions in statisticsThis unproved statement put a strain on his relationship with János Bolyai ( who thought that Gauss was " stealing " his idea ), but it is now generally taken at face value.

Daguerreotype of Gauss on his deathbed, 1855.

In 1840, Gauss published his influential Dioptrische Untersuchungen, in which he gave the first systematic analysis on the formation of images under a paraxial approximation ( Gaussian optics ).

See also the letter from Robert Gauss to Felix Klein on 3 September 1912.

* The crater Gauss on the Moon,

However, the Theorema Egregium of Carl Friedrich Gauss showed that already for surfaces, the existence of a local isometry imposes strong compatibility conditions on their metrics: the Gaussian curvatures at the corresponding points must be the same.

His inventions were based on the printing mechanism from Hughes ' instrument, a distributor invented by Bernard Meyer during 1871, and the five-unit code devised by Carl Friedrich Gauss and Wilhelm Weber.

The puzzle was originally proposed in 1848 by the chess player Max Bezzel, and over the years, many mathematicians, including Gauss, have worked on this puzzle and its generalized n-queens problem.

The German edition includes all of his papers on number theory: all the proofs of quadratic reciprocity, the determination of the sign of the Gauss sum, the investigations into biquadratic reciprocity, and unpublished notes.

The two monographs Gauss published on biquadratic reciprocity have consecutively-numbered sections: the first contains §§ 1 – 23 and the second §§ 24 – 76.

The method is based on the individual work of Carl Friedrich Gauss ( 1777 – 1855 ) and Adrien-Marie Legendre ( 1752 – 1833 ) combined with modern algorithms for multiplication and square roots.

Starting around the 15th century, new algorithms based on infinite series revolutionized the computation of, and were used by mathematicians including Madhava of Sangamagrama, Isaac Newton, Leonhard Euler, Carl Friedrich Gauss, and Srinivasa Ramanujan.

In a handwritten note on a reprint of his 1838 paper " Sur l ' usage des séries infinies dans la théorie des nombres ", which he mailed to Carl Friedrich Gauss, Johann Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet conjectured ( under a slightly different form appealing to a series rather than an integral ) that an even better approximation to π ( x ) is given by the offset logarithmic integral function Li ( x ), defined by

The first letter, dated 21 November 1804, discussed Gauss ' Disquisitiones and presented some of Germain's work on Fermat's Last Theorem.

Gauss ' reply did not comment on Germain's proof.

There are two versions of the first message sent by Gauss and Weber: the more official one is based on a note in Gauss's own handwriting stating that " Wissen vor meinen – Sein vor scheinen " (" knowing before opining, being before seeming ") was the first message sent over the electromagnetic telegraph.

He also has a South African spider named after him, Araneus drygalskii ( Strand, 1909 ), based on material collected on the Gauss expedition.

Following the example of Gauss, he wrote his first paper on the theory of numbers in Latin: " De compositione numerorum primorum formæ ex duobus quadratis.