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Gediminas extended the Grand Duchy of Lithuania to the east by challenging the Mongols who, at that time, controlled large areas of Rus '.
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Gediminas and Grand
In 1316, Grand Duke Gediminas, the first of the leaders responsible for Lithuania's great expansion that was to follow, with the aid of colonists from Germany, began restoration of the land.
The city was first mentioned in written sources in 1323, when the Letters of Grand Duke Gediminas were sent to German cities inviting German members of the Jewish community to settle in the capital city, as well as to Pope John XXII.
Because written sources of the era are scarce, Gediminas ' ancestry, early life, and assumption of the title of Grand Duke in ca.
Various theories have claimed that Gediminas was either his predecessor Grand Duke Vytenis ' son, his brother, his cousin, or his hostler.
In October 1323, representatives of the archbishop of Riga, the bishop of Dorpat, the king of Denmark, the Dominican and Franciscan orders, and the Grand Master of the Teutonic Order assembled at Vilnius, when Gediminas confirmed his promises and undertook to be baptized as soon as the papal legates arrived.
Nevertheless, disregarding the censures of the church, the Order resumed the war with Gediminas by murdering one of his delegates sent to welcome the Grand Master for his arrival to Riga in 1325.
* Grand Duchy of Lithuania: House of Mindaugas, House of Gediminas ( Ruthenian Hedyminovichy, ) later a branch of Gediminids-the Jagiellons
Gediminas and Duchy
According to a legend after a successful hunting party, Grand Duke Gediminas discovered a beautiful lake-surrounded place not far from Kernavė, then capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and decided to build a castle in the location.
Even in the face of Crusaders, by the time of Grand Duke Gediminas, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania expanded its influence until it formed the political centre of a vast and prosperous " pagan Empire ".
Those that bore the Vytis, also known as the Pahonia, were armies from the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, while those who bore the Columns of Gediminas were from noble families of Lithuania.
Gediminas and Lithuania
Born in Kowal, Casimir the Great first married Anna, or Aldona Ona, the daughter of the Prince Gediminas of Lithuania.
The brothers Vytenis and Gediminas, the founders of the Gediminid dynasty, united various groups into one Lithuania.
Even so, he led the ruling Social Democratic Party of Lithuania for one more year, until May 19, 2007, when he passed the reins to Gediminas Kirkilas.
Chronicles — written long after Gediminas ' death by the Teutonic Knights, a long-standing enemy of Lithuania — claimed that Gediminas was a hostler to Vytenis ; according to these chronicles, Gediminas killed his master and assumed the throne.
The systematic raiding of Lithuania by the knights under the pretext of converting it had long since united all the Lithuanian tribes, but Gediminas aimed at establishing a dynasty which should make Lithuania not merely secure but powerful, and for this purpose he entered into direct diplomatic negotiations with the Holy See as well.
At the same time Gediminas privately informed the papal legates at Riga through his ambassadors that his difficult position compelled him to postpone his steadfast resolve of being baptized, and the legates showed their confidence in him by forbidding the neighboring states to war against Lithuania for the next four years, besides ratifying the treaty made between Gediminas and the archbishop of Riga.
Despite Gediminas ' chief goal to save Lithuania from destruction at the hands of the Germans, he still died as a pagan reigning over semi-pagan lands.
Gediminas and east
While on his guard against his northern foes, Gediminas from 1316 to 1340 was aggrandizing himself at the expense of the numerous Slavonic principalities in the south and east, whose incessant conflicts with each other wrought the ruin of them all.
Gediminas and by
So for instance he was called rex sive dux (" King or Duke ") by one source ; Pope John XXII, in a letter to the King of France, refers to Gediminas as " the one who calls himself rex ".
Gediminas disentangled himself from his difficulties by repudiating his former promises ; by refusing to receive the papal legates who arrived at Riga in September 1323, and by dismissing the Franciscans from his territories.
An alternative view of these events was proposed by an American historian Stephen Christopher Rowell, where he believes that Gediminas never intended to become a Christian himself, since that would have offended the staunchly pagan inhabitants of Žemaitija and Aukštaitija.
Other historians support this claim by arguing this would explain Gediminas ' otherwise mysterious designation of a middle son, Jaunutis, as his succession would be understandable if Jaunutis were the first-born son of Gediminas and a second wife.
When Grand Duke Gediminas finally settled in Vilnius, Senieji Trakai was inherited by his son the Duke Kęstutis.
The variegate Lithuanian mythology of this time ( legend about emigration of Palemon from Rome to Lithuania, legend about the founding of the capital of Lithuania Vilnius by Duke Gediminas, and other pieces ) had been presented in a spirit of high lucid and virtuous patriotism.
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