Hamstrung by inexperience and fear of reprisals, many of these new officers failed to impress the large numbers of incoming draftees to the ranks ; complaints of insubordination rose to the top of offenses punished in 1941, and may have exacerbated instances of Red Army soldiers deserting their units during the initial phases of the German offensive of that year.

The terror also served to paralyse resistance in society, with public and widespread reprisals against any action resisting the German rule.

62, 000 were caused by food shortages and German reprisals, and 30, 000 by the Spanish Flu Prof. John Horne estimated that 6, 500 Belgian and French civilians were killed in German reprisals.

The reprisals disunited the Bakweri, and they lost all rights under the German government.

In 1945, with the city in the garrison of German troops, some Monza tried to weave relations with the German command to the population to avoid reprisals and obtained an armistice from zero hours of April 25, while discussing the latest agreements reached.

The killings were followed by German reprisals and oppression, including a " de-Polonisation " campaign.

The assassinations that took place during summer and autumn 1941, beginning with Colonel Pierre-Georges Fabien's shooting of a German officer in the Paris Métro, caused fierce reprisals and the executions of hundreds of French hostages.

The World Jewish Congress " deplored the fatal shooting of an official of the German Embassy by a young Polish Jew of seventeen ", but " protested energetically against the violent attacks in the German press against the whole of Judaism because of this act " and especially against the " reprisals taken against the German Jews.

If only ... he would deny the political motives of his crime, and assert that he had only personal vengeance in mind, vengeance as a victim of homosexuality, the Nazis would lose their best pretext for exercising their reprisals against the German Jews who are victims of his fit of madness and now, of his obstinacy.

Following the November 1938 pogroms against Jews in Germany called Kristallnacht in which at least 91 Jews were killed and many synagogues and Jewish shops destroyed, the WJC issued a statement: " Though the Congress deplores the fatal shooting of an official of the German Embassy in Paris by a young Polish Jew of seventeen, it is obliged to protest energetically against the violent attacks in the German press against the whole of Judaism because of this act and, especially, to protest against the reprisals taken against the German Jews after the crime.

In a telex to Bronfman, he said that his past had been “ deliberately misinterpreted .” Nevertheless he admitted that he had known about German reprisals against partisans: " Yes, I knew.

After 63 days of savage fighting, the city was reduced to rubble, and German reprisals were savage.

In addition, thousands more were executed by German forces as reprisals for partisan activities.

SMERSH agents infiltrated German-held territories, blowing up German rest facilities and assassinating commanders, knowing that the civilian population would suffer German reprisals.

Especially after the Nazi reprisals for the assassination of Reinhard Heydrich, most of the Czech resistance groups demanded, based on German Nazi terror during occupation, the " final solution of the German question " () which would have to be " solved " by deportation of the ethnic Germans from their homeland.

: This work started out as his Ph. D. thesis in German, which he later expanded and translated into English.

After Heine's German birthplace of Düsseldorf had rejected, allegedly for anti-Semitic motives, a centennial monument to the radical German-Jewish poet ( 1797 – 1856 ), his incensed German-American admirers, including Carl Schurz, started a movement to place one instead in Midtown Manhattan, at Fifth Avenue and 59th Street.

The Brabham Racing Organisation ( BRO ) started the year fielding customer Lotus chassis, in which Brabham took two points finishes, before the turquoise-liveried Brabham BT3 car made its debut at the 1962 German Grand Prix.

Some notable collectors were Pope Boniface VIII, Emperor Maximilian of the Holy Roman Empire, Louis XIV of France, Ferdinand I, Henry IV of France and Elector Joachim II of Brandenburg, who started the Berlin Coin Cabinet ( German: Münzkabinett Berlin ).

Melanchthon and Johannes Brenz, with some other German Lutherans, actually started in 1552 on the journey to Trent.

When the worldwide film boom started, he, and the few other people in the German film business, continued to sell prints of their own films outright, which put them at a disadvantage.

This was expropriated by the German government, and turned into DECLA when the war started.

His writing stint was brief, as Lang soon started to work as a director at the German film studio Ufa, and later Nero-Film, just as the Expressionist movement was building.

The Rhineland-Westphalian state began a " typical German " festival, and started the tradition on the eve of September 2 with the ringing of bells, fireworks and patriotic songs for a peace festival.

After allying with Mussolini's Italy in the " Pact of Steel " and signing a non-aggression pact with the Soviet Union, the German dictator Adolf Hitler started the Second World War on 1 September 1939 attacking Poland and following a military build-up throughout the late 1930s.

In the immediate post-war era, the US and USSR both started rocket research programs based on the German wartime designs, especially the V-2.

Some German operators started to implement Next Generation Networking, generally realized via DSL and unbundled local loop.

He was aware that public opinion had started to demand colonies for reasons of German prestige.

On 1 September 1939, the German invasion of its agreed upon portion of Poland started World War II.

A German Requiem was partially inspired by his mother's death in 1865 ( at which time he composed a funeral march that was to become the basis of Part Two, Denn alles Fleisch ), but it also incorporates material from a symphony which he started in 1854 but abandoned following Schumann's suicide attempt.

Grimm's monumental dictionary of the German Language, the Deutsches Wörterbuch, was started in 1838 and first published in 1854.

He started his career in the German Navy ( Kaiserliche Marine, or " Imperial Navy ") before World War I.

When World War I started, Liberia declared war on Germany and expelled its resident German merchants, who constituted the country's largest investors and trading partners – Liberia suffered economically as a result. http :// www. globalsecurity. org / military / ops / grebo2. htm

After the German Empire's World War I-era army air force, the Luftstreitkräfte, and naval air units had been disbanded under the term of the Treaty of Versailles the Luftwaffe was reformed in 1935 and grew to become one of the strongest, most doctrinally advanced, and most battle-experienced air forces in the world when World War II started in Europe in September 1939.

He joined the German avant-garde, working with the progressive design magazine G which started in July 1923.

In October 1989, after prayers for peace at St. Nicholas Church, established in 1983 as part of the peace movement, the Monday demonstrations started as the most prominent mass protest against the East German regime.

The history of German written lute music started with Arnolt Schlick ( c. 1460 – after 1521 ), who published in 1513 a collection of pieces that included 14 voice and lute songs and three solo lute pieces, alongside organ works.

Michael started school in Gstaad, where classes were taught only in French and German.

Polish activists started to regard Masurians as " Polish brothers " after Wojciech Kętrzyński had published his pamphlet " O Mazurach " in 1872 and Polish activists engaged in active self-help against repressions by German state Kętrzyński fought against attempts to Germanize Masuria

German actions like Kulturkampf, the program of Germanization started to unite and mobilize Polish people in Polish inhabited territories held by Germany including Masuria A Polish-oriented party, the Mazurska Partia Ludowa (" Mazur People's Party "), was founded in 1897.

Henry, being of tall stature and well-built in his youth, had been instantly recognised by his past wives when acting out this courtly-love tradition, although Anne had never met her husband-to-be before, and pushed him away startled, cursing in German.

The song instantly entered the top position on the Austrian, German and Swiss Singles and Airplay Charts, making it one of the most successful debuts of the year.

She obtained honorary positions instantly in 1933 and early 1934, was promoted to her first salaried position ( leader of Untergau ) in June 1935 and was appointed Reichsreferentin for the BDM ( head of the BDM ) in November 1937, at the age of 27, keeping this position even until the German defeat, when she had reached the age of 34.

Finally, Miss Marple deduces what Marina had instantly realised at the party, that Heather is the woman who was responsible for infecting Marina with German measles all those years previously when she put on make up to cover the rash and went to meet Marina for her autograph.

During World War II in Sweden at the border with Norway, " 77 " was used as a shibboleth ( password ), because the tricky pronunciation in Swedish made it easy to instantly discern whether the speaker was native Swedish, Norwegian, or German.

In 1910, Maria Konopnicka responded to the increasing persecution of Polish people by Germans by writing her famous song called Rota that instantly became a national symbol for Poles, with its sentence known to many Poles: The German will not spit in our face, nor will he Germanise our children.

The record instantly came to the attention of the German indie label Edel Records, whose president, Jonathan First, was searching for a fresh-faced pop act to establish overseas presence.

In the 1950s, Fischer was the first historian who examined all of the Imperial German government archives in their entirety and as a result, as the American Klaus Epstein noted when Fischer published his findings in 1961, he instantly rendered obsolete every book previously published on the subject of responsibility for the First World War, and German aims in that war.

Panic and huge uncertainty instantly created much damage in the areas still controlled by the Nazi German Wehrmacht on May 8, 1945 ( e. g. western Austria, Bavaria, South Tyrol ( Italy ), East Frisia and Schleswig-Holstein ).

In March 2003, the release of Casting Shadows instantly sent it to the top spot in the German album charts and reached platinum status.

They are, however, suddenly ambushed and attacked by a German enemy falcon called General Von Talon ; two of the pigeons are instantly killed, yet the third is taken as a prisoner of war.

was fired by a German sniper in a farmhouse only 300 yards away, killing Cole instantly.

Though the single debuted at a modest number 38 on the German singles charts and instantly fell out of the top 40 in its second week, the song soon recovered and due to heavy radio airplay and massive CD single sales, " Perfekte Welle " finally entered the German top 10 in its eleventh week.