That work appeared in the Transactions of the Connecticut Academy, which had few readers capable of understanding Gibbs's work, but he shared reprints with his correspondents in Europe and received a particularly favorable response from James Clerk Maxwell, at the University of Cambridge, who made three plaster casts illustrating Gibbs's construct with his own hands and mailed one to Gibbs ( see Maxwell's thermodynamic surface ).

After reading Gibbs's textbook ( which was translated into German by Ernst Zermelo in 1905 ), Einstein declared that Gibbs's treatment was superior to his own and explained that he would not have written those papers if he had known Gibbs's work.

James Clerk Maxwell | Maxwell's sketch of the lines of constant temperature and pressure, made in preparation for his construction of a Maxwell's thermodynamic surface | solid model based on Gibbs's definition of a thermodynamic surface for water

Gibbs's lecture notes on vector calculus were privately printed in 1881 and 1884 for the use of his students, and were later adapted by Edwin Bidwell Wilson into a textbook, Vector Analysis, published in 1901.

When Gibbs submitted his long paper on the equilibrium of heterogeneous substances to the Academy, both Elias Loomis and Hubert Anson Newton protested that they did not understand Gibbs's work at all, but they helped to raise the money needed to pay for the typesetting of the many equations and mathematical symbols in the paper.

When Dutch physicist J. D. van der Waals received the 1910 Nobel Prize " for his work on the equation of state for gases and liquids " he acknowledged the great influence of Gibbs's work on that subject.

Powell attended Gibbs's pre-prep day-school at the Square end of Sloane Street for a brief time.

This equation demonstrates the conservation of density in phase space ( which was Gibbs's name for the theorem ).

Gibbs's return to the U. S. helped his national team career, as he received frequent callups for 2006 FIFA World Cup qualifiers.

Henry Purcell's fantasias are the last Baroque representatives of the breed, although Walter Willson Cobbett, in the opening decades of the 20th century, attempted to resurrect something of this style via a competition, to which works like William Hurlstone's, Cecil Armstrong Gibbs's, John Ireland's, Herbert Howells's, and Frank Bridge's Phantasie trios and quartets owe their existence ( Howes and Bashford, 2001 ), as does Benjamin Britten's Phantasy in F minor for string quintet written in 1932, the same year in which he also composed a Phantasy Quartet for oboe and strings ( Brett et al.

On the 11 December 1721 Edward Lany, one of the Syndics of University of Cambridge thanked Edward Harley Earl of Oxford for sending " Mr Gibbs's design for our building.

One of the most serious disappointments of Gibbs's career was his failure to win the commission for the Mansion House, London, there were two competitions for the building, both of which he entered the first in 1728 and a second one in 1735, in the end George Dance the elder won the commission.

Harold " Hal " Williams ( born December 14, 1938 ) is an American actor, best known for his recurring role as the black cop Officer Smith (" Smitty ") on Sanford and Son, and as the patriarch Lester Jenkins, the husband of Marla Gibbs's character, on the NBC sitcom 227.

Gibbs's derivation of the phenomenological laws of thermodynamics from the statistical properties of systems with many particles was presented in his highly-influential textbook Elementary Principles in Statistical Mechanics, published in 1902, a year before his death.

Gibbs's most immediate and obvious influence was on physical chemistry and statistical mechanics, two disciplines which he greatly helped to found.

Gibbs's work on ensembles and on the ergodic hypothesis, as presented in his 1902 textbook on statistical mechanics, has had a considerable impact in both theoretical physics and in pure mathematics.

Initially unaware of Gibbs's contributions in that field, Albert Einstein wrote three papers on statistical mechanics, published between 1902 and 1904.

Gibbs's first published work, which appeared in 1873 when he was already 34 years old, was on the geometric representation of thermodynamic quantities.

Gibbs's principal protégé was Edwin Bidwell Wilson, who nonetheless explained that " except in the classroom I saw very little of Gibbs.

) One may conclude that Gibbs's work was better known among the scientific elite of his day than the published material suggests.

The development of vector calculus was Gibbs's other great contribution to mathematics.

However, the decorative cornice at Chiswick was derived from a contemporary source, that of James Gibbs's cornice at the Church of St Martin-in-the-Fields, London.

It is probable the tombstone was made by either John Gibbs of Oxford ( father of utler's second wife ) or one of Gibbs's employees.

The outer walls, the tower and Gibbs's steeple, survived the bombing, but the interior was gutted by fire.

( Gibbs's character, Florence, had a crush on Williams and challenged him on everything because she thought he was an impostor ); 227 ( her character, Mary, pretending to be royalty, met Williams at a banquet ); and The Hughleys ( Gibbs and Williams portrayed Darryl's parents ).

The east block was built 1758-68 to Gibbs's design.

Gibbs's research was mainly in analytical and inorganic chemistry, especially the cobalt-amines, platinum metals, and complex acids.

Gibbs's involvement in environmental causes began in 1978 when she discovered that her 7-year-old son's elementary school in Niagara Falls, New York was built on a toxic waste dump.

According to Planck, Gibbs's name " not only in America but in the whole world will ever be reckoned among the most renowned theoretical physicists of all times.

The first half of the 20th century saw the publication of two influential textbooks that soon came to be regarded as founding documents of chemical thermodynamics, both of which used and extended Gibbs's work in that field: these were Thermodynamics and the Free Energy of Chemical Processes ( 1923 ), by Gilbert N. Lewis and Merle Randall, and Modern Thermodynamics by the Methods of Willard Gibbs ( 1933 ), by Edward A. Guggenheim.

Perhaps putting up with Gibbs's current inconsistent streak may just have to be the pay-off South Africa have to make if it means he can help guide the national side to greater glory in two years time.

In his autobiography, mathematician Gian-Carlo Rota tells of casually browsing the mathematical stacks of Sterling Library and stumbling on a handwritten mailing list, attached to some of Gibbs's course notes, which listed over two hundred notable scientists of his day, including Poincaré, Hilbert, Boltzmann, and Mach.

He did supervise the doctoral thesis on mathematical economics written by Irving Fisher in 1891, and after Gibbs's death Fisher financed the publication of his Collected Works.

Though Gibbs's research on physical optics is less well known today than his other work, it made a significant contribution to classical electromagnetism by applying Maxwell's equations to the theory of optical processes such as birefringence, dispersion, and optical activity.

According to Lynde Wheeler, who had been Gibbs's student at Yale, in his later years Gibbs

) Yale's J. W. Gibbs Laboratory and its J. Willard Gibbs Assistant Professorship in Mathematics are also named in his honor, and the university has hosted two symposia dedicated to Gibbs's life and work, one in 1989 and another on the centenary of his death, in 2003.

The first half of Gibbs's Elements of Vector Analysis, published in 1881, presents what is essentially the modern system of vector analysis.

Both at the University and within the Academy, Gibbs's principal mentor and champion appears to have been the astronomer Hubert Anson Newton, a leading authority on the subject of meteors.

According to his student Lynde Wheeler, of the existing portraits this is the most faithful to Gibbs's kindly habitual expression.

In an obituary published in the American Journal of Science, Gibbs's former student Henry A. Bumstead referred to Gibbs's personal character:

Gibbs's graph of the thermodynamic free energy, showing a plane perpendicular to the axis of v ( volume ) and passing through point A, which represents the initial state of the body.

Title page of Gibbs's Elementary Principles in Statistical Mechanics, one of the founding documents of that discipline, published in 1902.