* Boniface was a patron of Giotto di Bondone.

In the book Vasari was attempting to define what he described as a break with the barbarities of gothic art: the arts had fallen into decay with the collapse of the Roman Empire and only the Tuscan artists, beginning with Cimabue ( 1240 – 1301 ) and Giotto ( 1267 – 1337 ) began to reverse this decline in the arts.

The tower was designed by the artist Giotto di Bondone.

The pigment was mixed with a binding medium like egg and applied over dry plaster ( such as Giotto di Bondone's frescos in the Cappella degli Scrovegni or Arena Chapel in Padua ).

The presence of the university attracted many distinguished artists, such as Giotto, Fra Filippo Lippi and Donatello ; and for native art there was the school of Francesco Squarcione, whence issued the great Mantegna.

Giotto was a European robotic spacecraft mission from the European Space Agency, intended to fly by and study Halley's Comet.

The spacecraft was named after the Early Italian Renaissance painter Giotto di Bondone.

Originally a United States partner probe was planned that would accompany Giotto, but this fell through due to budget cuts at NASA.

The idea was for Japanese probes and the pre-existing American probe International Cometary Explorer to make long distance measurements, followed by the Russian Vegas which would locate the nucleus, and the resulting information sent back would allow Giotto to precisely target very close to the nucleus.

Because Giotto would pass so very close to the nucleus ESA was mostly convinced it would not survive the encounter due to bombardment from the many high speed cometary particles.

While in GTO a number of slew and spin-up manoeuvres ( to 90 RPM ) were carried out in preparation for the firing of the Apogee Boost Motor ( ABM ), although unlike orbit circularisations for geostationary orbit, the ABM for Giotto was fired at perigee.

Giotto was commanded to wake up on 2 July 1990 when it flew by Earth in order to sling shot to its next cometary encounter.

Afterwards, Giotto was again switched off on 23 July 1992.

In 1999 Giotto made another Earth flyby but was not reactivated.

Giotto found Halley's nucleus was blacker than coal, which suggested a thick covering of dust.

) Although the one particle impact that sent Giotto spinning was not measured, from its effects-it also probably broke off a piece of Giotto-its mass has been estimated to lie between 0. 1 g and 1 g.

* Giotto was the first spacecraft to provide detailed pictures of a cometary nucleus.

* Giotto was the first spacecraft do a close flyby of two comets.

* Giotto was the first spacecraft to return from interplanetary space and perform an Earth swing by.

* Giotto was the first spacecraft to be re-activated from hibernation mode.

In fact, Giotto inspired the 14th-century School of Rimini, which was the expression of original cultural ferment.

Andrea del Castagno ( or Andrea di Bartolo di Bargilla ) ( c. 1421 – 19 August 1457 ) was an Italian painter from Florence, influenced chiefly by Tommaso Masaccio and Giotto di Bondone.

According to late Renaissance art biographer Giorgio Vasari, Simone was instead a pupil of Giotto di Bondone, with whom he went to Rome to paint at the Old St. Peter's Basilica, Giotto also executing a mosaic there.

It was to be the first time a spacecraft would have flown in formation with a comet, though a U. S. spacecraft, International Cometary Explorer ( ICE ), flew by Comet Giacobini-Zinner in 1985, spacecraft from several countries encountered Comet Halley in 1986, and the Giotto spacecraft flew past Comet Grigg-Skjellerup in 1992.

In Florence, Masaccio could study the works of Giotto and become friends with Brunelleschi and Donatello.

Despite the split, Naples grew in importance, attracting Pisan and Genoese merchants, Tuscan bankers, and with them some of the most championed Renaissance artists of the time, such as Boccaccio, Petrarch and Giotto.

Image: Paul Harvey, Ford Anglia with Tent and Giotto Tree. jpg | Paul Harvey.

Ford Anglia with Tent and Giotto Tree

The resulting collection is small in size, compared with many European national galleries, but encyclopaedic in scope ; most major developments in Western painting " from Giotto to Cézanne " are represented with important works.

Now it houses again, after a period of fourteen years of cleaning and renovation, the enormous painted Crucifix with the Madonna and John the Evangelist, an early work by Giotto.

Jotto ( sometimes Giotto ) is a logic-oriented word game played with two players, a writing implement, and a piece of paper.

By 1300, starting with Giotto and his pupils, still life painting was revived in the form of fictional niches on religious wall paintings which depicted everyday objects.

Contemporary with Giovanni Pisano, the Florentine painter Giotto developed a manner of figurative painting that was unprecedentedly naturalistic, three dimensional, lifelike and classicising, when compared with that of his contemporaries and teacher Cimabue.

Although both the Pisanos and Giotto had students and followers, the first truly Renaissance artists were not to emerge in Florence until 1401 with the competition to sculpt a set of bronze doors of the Baptistery of Florence Cathedral which drew entries from seven young sculptors including Brunelleschi, Donatello and the winner, Lorenzo Ghiberti.

Italian Renaissance painting exercised a dominant influence on subsequent European painting ( see Western painting ) for centuries afterwards, with artists such as Giotto di Bondone, Masaccio, Piero della Francesca, Domenico Ghirlandaio, Perugino, Michelangelo, Raphael, Botticelli, Leonardo da Vinci, and Titian.

Owing to the similarity of the work in San Francesco to that of Florentine artist Giotto, he was traditionally credited with some of the frescoes, although most scholars no longer believe he was involved.

International Gothic describes courtly Gothic art from about 1360 to 1430, after which Gothic art begins to merge into the Renaissance art that had begun to form itself in Italy during the Trecento, with a return to classical principles of composition and realism, with the sculptor Nicola Pisano and the painter Giotto as especially formative figures.

* Ferrero Giotto – a chocolate cream centre, within a wafer sphere coated with hazelnut pieces.

It became a part of the Halley Armada together with Suisei, the Soviet / French Vega probes, the ESA Giotto and the NASA International Cometary Explorer, to explore Halley's Comet during its 1986 sojourn through the inner solar system.

Such images were of higher resolution than the only previous pictures, of Halley's Comet taken by the Giotto spacecraft.

* 1334 – The bishop of Florence blesses the first foundation stone for the new campanile ( bell tower ) of the Florence Cathedral, designed by the artist Giotto di Bondone.

Pope Honorius III by Giotto di Bondone | Giotto.

Pope Boniface VIII, fresco by Giotto di Bondone in the Basilica of St. John Lateran, Rome

Giotto.

The Swiss historian Jacob Burckhardt ( 1818 – 1897 ) in his Die Cultur der Renaissance in Italien ( 1860 ), by contrast, defined the Renaissance as the period between Giotto and Michelangelo in Italy, that is, the 14th to mid-16th centuries.

The style of Masaccio's scenes shows the influence of Giotto especially.

Unlike Giotto, however, Masaccio uses linear and atmospheric perspective, directional light, and chiaroscuro, which is the representation of form through light and color without outlines.

Giotto, subject of tale VI, 5.

Messer Forese da Rabatta, a knowledgeable jurist, and Master Giotto, a painter, make fun of each other's poor appearance while returning from Mugello.

* Giotto di Bondone, Italian painter ( c. 1267 – 1337 )

** The Giotto spacecraft flies past Comet 26P / Grigg-Skjellerup, gathering measurements about the comet.

* January 8 – Giotto di Bondone, Italian Painter ( b. 1267 )

* Giotto di Bondone, Italian artist ( d. 1337 )

Of course, the Western iconographic style is less static and stylized than that of the East, and other very different representations have been produced, and in some cases have achieved great fame, such as the Pentecosts by Titian, Giotto and el Greco.

The Giotto and Vega missions gave planetary scientists their first view of Halley's surface and structure.

Giotto provided the first evidence in support of Fred Whipple's " dirty snowball " hypothesis for comet construction ; Whipple postulated that comets are icy objects warmed by the Sun as they approach the inner Solar System, causing ices on their surfaces to sublimate ( change directly from a solid to a gas ), and jets of volatile material to burst outward, creating the coma.

The 1301 apparition may have been seen by the artist Giotto di Bondone, who represented the Star of Bethlehem as a fire-colored comet in the Nativity section of his Arena Chapel cycle, completed in 1305.