Giovanni Sforza came with a reduced corps, as troops sent by Eugene IV had halted his father Francesco in the Marche.

Alexander sent him to capture Imola and Forlì, ruled by Caterina Sforza ( mother of the Medici condottiero Giovanni dalle Bande Nere ).

Lucrezia was married to Giovanni Sforza ( Lord of Pesaro ), Alfonso of Aragon ( Duke of Bisceglie ), and Alfonso I d ' Este ( Duke of Ferrara ).

As such, he called off Lucrezia's previous engagements and arranged for her to marry Giovanni Sforza, a member of the house of Sforza who was Lord of Pesaro and titled Count of Catignola.

Giovanni was an illegitimate son of Costanzo I Sforza and a Sforza of the second rank.

Before long, the Borgia family no longer needed the Sforzas, and the presence of Giovanni Sforza in the papal court was superfluous.

Alexander asked Giovanni's uncle, Cardinal Ascanio Sforza, to persuade Giovanni to agree to a divorce.

The major Roman projects are St. Peter's, Palazzo Farnese, San Giovanni dei Fiorentini, the Sforza Chapel ( Capella Sforza ) in the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore, Porta Pia and Santa Maria degli Angeli.

The Sforza would later join with the Borgia Family, through the arranged marriage of Lucrezia Borgia to Giovanni ( the illegitimate son of Costanzo I of Pesaro ).

**** illegitimate daughter Caterina Sforza married Giovanni de ' Medici il Popolano

***** son Costanzo II ( Giovanni Maria ), last Sforza lord of Pesaro

* July 27 – Giovanni Sforza, condottiero ( b. 1466 )

* March – Giovanni Paolo I Sforza, Italian condottiero ( d. 1535 )

The opposite wall of the refectory is covered by the Crucifixion fresco by Giovanni Donato da Montorfano, to which Leonardo added figures of the Sforza family in tempera.

These included the tombs of Giovanni, Barnabò and Filippo Maria Visconti, Francesco I and his wife Bianca, Galeazzo Maria and Lodovico Sforza, which were brought to unknown destinations.

Ludovico Sforza in a portrait by Giovanni Ambrogio de Predis.

* Giovanni de ' Medici il Popolano, ( 1467-1498 ) husband of Caterina Sforza, Lady of Imola and Forlì

* Giovanni dalle Bande Nere ,( 1498-1526 ) ( son of Caterina Sforza, Lady of Imola and Forlì

From the fifteenth century hence, most condottieri were landless Italian nobles who had chosen the profession of arms as livelihood ; the most famous of such mercenary captains was the son of Caterina Sforza, Giovanni dalle Bande Nere, from Forlì, known as The Last Condottiere ; his son was Cosimo I de ' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany ; besides noblemen, princes also fought as condottieri, given the sizable income to their estates, notably Sigismondo Malatesta, Lord of Rimini, and Federico da Montefeltro, Duke of Urbino ; despite war-time inflation, soldier ’ s pay was high:

Among the best-known people who have attended the University of Pisa are Italian Presidents Giovanni Gronchi and Carlo Azeglio Ciampi ; Haitian President René Préval ; Nicaraguan President Adan Cardenas ; Pope Clement XII ; Italian Prime Ministers Sidney Sonnino, Giuliano Amato and Massimo D ' Alema ; Somali Prime Minister Ali Mohammed Ghedi ; Italian political leaders Carlo Sforza, Paolo Emilio Taviani, Alessandro Natta, Enrico Letta, Marcello Pera, Fabio Mussi and Sandro Bondi ; Italian Constitutional Court Judge Sabino Cassese ; Roman Catholic Cardinals Pietro Accolti, Benedetto Accolti the Younger, Francesco Barberini, Francesco Martelli and Bandino Panciatici ; Roman Catholic Archbishop Giovanni Battista Rinuccini ; Nobel Laureate in Literature Giosuè Carducci ; Nobel Laureates in Physics Enrico Fermi and Carlo Rubbia ; anatomist Atto Tigri ; art historian and curator Carolyn Christov-Bakargiev ; author Antonio Tabucchi ; civil engineer Henry Willey Reveley ; computer scientist Roberto Di Cosmo ; diplomats Carlo Andrea Pozzo di Borgo and Marcello Spatafora ; director and screenwriter Mario Monicelli ; economist Luigi Bodio ; egyptologist Ippolito Rosellini ; electron microscopist Clara Franzini-Armstrong ; geneticist Guido Pontecorvo ; historians Camillo Porzio and Carlo Ginzburg ; intellectual Adriano Sofri ; international civil servant Francesco Cappè ; journalists Lando Ferretti and Tiziano Terzani ; jurists Piero Calamandrei, Francesco Carrara and Antonio Cassese ; linguists Stefano Arduini and Luigi Rizzi ; manager Pier Francesco Guarguaglini ; mathematicians Bonaventura Cavalieri, Giovanni Ceva, Enrico Betti, Guido Fubini, Vito Volterra and Luigi Fantappiè ; neuroscientist Emilio Bizzi ; philosophers Giovanni Gentile and Anna Camaiti Hostert ; physicians Francesco Redi, Vincenzo Chiarugi and François Carlo Antommarchi ; physicists Adolfo Bartoli, Luigi Puccianti, Antonio Pacinotti, Temistocle Calzecchi-Onesti, Franco Rasetti and Luca Gammaitoni ; playwright and librettist Giacinto Andrea Cicognini ; racing car and engine designer Carlo Chiti ; surgeon Andrea Vaccá Berlinghieri ; tenor Andrea Bocelli ; writer Francesco Domenico Guerrazzi.

Antonio began his musical studies in his native town of Legnago ; he was first taught at home by his older brother Francesco Salieri ( a former student of the violinist and composer Giuseppe Tartini ), and he received further lessons from the organist of the Legnago Cathedral, Giuseppe Simoni, a pupil of Padre Giovanni Battista Martini.

Salieri's first full opera was composed during the winter and carnival season of 1770 ; Le donne letterate and was based on Molière's Les Femmes Savantes ( The Learned Ladies ) with a libretto by Giovanni Gastone Boccherini a dancer in the court ballet, and a brother of the famous composer.

File: Giovanni Battista Tiepolo-Temptations of St Anthony-WGA22254. jpg | Giovanni Battista Tiepolo, first half of 18th century

She also was a great-grandniece of Giovanni Schiaparelli, an Italian astronomer who believed he had discovered the supposed canals of Mars, and a great-grandniece of art expert Bernard Berenson ( 1865 – 1959 ) and his sister Senda Berenson ( 1868 – 1954 ), an athlete and educator who was one of the first two women elected to the Basketball Hall of Fame.

He was suspected and denounced, but nothing ensued until the establishment of the Inquisition in Rome in June 1542, at the instigation of Cardinal Giovanni Pietro Carafa, the first Grand Inquisitor, and later Pope Paul IV.

Giovanni Caboto ( John Cabot ) reportedly visited the island in 1497 to become the first Renaissance European explorer to visit present-day Canada.

The first cardinal from the family was appointed in 1206 when Giovanni Colonna di Carbognano was made Cardinal Deacon of SS.

For many years, cardinal Giovanni di San Paolo ( elevated in 1193 ) was identified as member of the Colonna family and therefore its first representative in the College of Cardinals, but modern scholars have established that this was based on the false information from the beginning of 16th century.

Fernipharus ( after Duke Ferdinand de ' Medici )-by Giovanni Batista Hodierna, a disciple of Galileo and author of the first ephemerides ( Medicaeorum Ephemerides, 1656 );

In 1985, under the management of Giovanni Trapattoni, who led the Torinese team to thirteen official trophies in ten years until 1986, including six league titles and five international titles ; Juventus became the first club in the history of European football to have won all three major competitions organised by the Union of European Football Associations: the European Champions ' Cup, the ( now-defunct ) Cup Winners ' Cup and the UEFA Cup ( the first Italian and Southern European side to win the tournament ).

Maybe also that this hilltop dwelling, commissioned by Giovanni de ' Medici, Cosimo il Vecchio's second son, with its view over the city, is the very first example of a Renaissance villa: that is to say it follows the Albertian criteria for rendering a country dwelling a " villa suburbana ".

* 1787 – Mozart's opera Don Giovanni receives its first performance in Prague.

One of the first great nepotist popes, he made two of his nephews cardinals and allowed his cousin Giovanni Gaetano ( Giangaetano, died 1232 ) to buy the fiefs of Vicovaro, Licenza, Roccagiovine and Nettuno, which formed the nucleus of the future territorial power of the family.

" Influenced by Galileo's work, the Sicilian astronomer Giovanni Hodierna became possibly the first astronomer to use a telescope to find previously undiscovered open clusters.

The various urban and architectural projects carried out during Alexander ’ s reign were recorded in engravings by Giovanni Battista Falda and the first volume was published in 1665.

This story first entered the Italian literary tradition via Giovanni Villani ( c. 1280 – 1348 ) and his Nuova Cronica.

His first public acts of importance were to grant a general pardon to the participators in the riot which had closed the previous pontificate, and to bring to trial the nephews of his predecessor, of whom Cardinal Carlo Carafa was strangled, and Duke Giovanni Carafa of Paliano, with his nearest connections, was beheaded.

In the fresco by Melozzo da Forlì he is accompanied by his Della Rovere and Riario nephews, not all of whom were made cardinals: the protonotary apostolic Pietro Riario ( on his right ), the future Pope Julius II standing before him, and Girolamo Riario and Giovanni della Rovere behind the kneeling Platina, author of the first humanist history of the Popes.

The Nuova Cronica, a 14th century history of Florence by the Florentine banker and official Giovanni Villani, includes much statistical information on population, ordinances, commerce and trade, education, and religious facilities and has been described as the first introduction of statistics as a positive element in history.

The Italian feature film Cabiria ( 1914 ), directed by Giovanni Pastrone, was the first popular film to use dolly shots, which in fact were originally called " Cabiria movements " by contemporary filmmakers influenced by the film ; however, some smaller American and English films had used the technique prior to Cabiria, as well as Yevgeni Bauer's The Child of the Big City, released a month prior to Cabiria.

The term Tertiary was first used by Giovanni Arduino during the mid-18th century.

The opera was the first of three collaborations between Mozart and Da Ponte ; their later collaborations were Don Giovanni and Così fan tutte.