Given b < a + c, the shape of the curve is determined by the relative magnitude of b and d. If d is imaginary, that is if a < sup > 2 </ sup >+ b < sup > 2 </ sup >=< c < sup > 2 </ sup > then the curve has fthe form of a figure eight.

Given b > a + c, the shape of the curve is determined by the relative sizes of a and c. If a < c then the curve has the form of two loops that cross each other at ± d.

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