Given that the prescription drug benefit only passed Congress by one vote after an extraordinary amount of arm-twisting, it seems unlikely that it would have passed at all if accompanied by a tax increase.

Given Bonfá's extraordinary dedication and talent for the guitar, Sávio excused the youngster's inability to pay for his lessons.

Order of the Flower ( OFO ): Given for extraordinary skill in arts and / or sciences

Order of the Iron Hart ( TIH ): Given for extraordinary skill in fighting arts

Order of the Sharparrow ( AIR ): Given for extraordinary skill in the art and science of traditional archery

Order of the White Scarf of the Outlands ( DWS ): Given for extraordinary skill in the art of fence

Given that it seems to require extraordinary visuo-spatial abilities and memory, this form of chess has led to considerable research in psychology, starting with the research of Alfred Binet in 1893, continuing with the work of chess grandmaster and psycho-analyst Reuben Fine in 1965, and culminating in the last two decades with several scientific articles describing experiments on the psychology of blindfold chess.

Given it's extraordinary locale and design, on the inside it looks, feels and operates like a typical, overcrowded, underfunded American High School.

Given that it was thus never protected by being buried during its nearly nineteen centuries of existence, the arch entered the modern era in extraordinary condition.

Given the small size of these dwellings ( one room upstairs, two on the middle floor and one that would have flooded each winter in the basement ) it seems extraordinary that the 1891 UK census clearly records a family of three people and two lodgers living in one of the lodges.

Given the part time nature of the legislature of West Virginia, multiple extraordinary sessions are not uncommon.

Given the focus on intramodal competition and the lack of intermodal competition, there was little concern about statutory or regulatory language that set different regulatory burdens for different technology modes.

Given that they are paying to be there, some clubs allow as many dancers as possible to appear on any given night, increasing competition among the dancers.

Given the option, most swimmers choose to use a dolphin kicking action, but there still is a small minority of swimmers who prefer the breaststroke kick, for recreational swimming and even for competition.

Given was part of the team for most of the 2006 FIFA World Cup qualifying campaign ; however a draw with Switzerland meant Ireland failed to qualify for the finals of the competition in Germany.

Given the costs associated with such policies ( e. g., global climate disruption, widespread habitat loss and species extinctions, consumption of natural resources, pollution, urban congestion, intensifying competition for remaining resources, and increasing disparity between the wealthy and the poor ), some economists, scientists, and philosophers have questioned the biophysical limits to growth, and the desirability of continuous growth.

Given such a marginal judgement the directors of the company decided to hold a competition to test the locomotives on offer.

By 2008 he hinted at a possible return to international competition, but was consistently overlooked as Shay Given of Aston Villa the preferred number one goalkeeper.

Given the differences in background, class, slaveholding, economics and culture, there was longstanding competition between the Low Country and Upcountry that played out in politics.

Given sufficient travel time and engineering work, both unmanned and generational interstellar travel seem possible, though present considerable technological and economic challenges are unlikely to be met in the near future, particularly for manned probes.

Given the very rapid technological changes underway in propulsion ( from coal to oil, from boilers to turbines ), ordnance ( with better fire directors, and new high explosives ) and armor and emergence of new craft such as destroyers and submarines, Mahan's emphasis on the capital ship and the command of the sea came at an opportune moment.

Given their technological advantages, they would have displaced or absorbed the less numerous hunter-gathering populace.

Given the slight numerical and technological advantage of the Luftwaffe over its enemies in 1939-1941, its success during these years can largely be attributed to extensive officer and staff training programs along with the experiences of the Condor Legion in Spain.

Given a rapidly changing technological and market environment, many in the public policy area question the government's ability to make and maintain meaningful regulation that doesn't cause more harm than good.

Given the choice between funding technological research at the oldest university in the nation or an independent and adolescent institution, potential benefactors were indifferent or even hostile to funding MIT's competing mission.

Given these connotations, dandyism can be seen as a political protestation against the rise of levelling egalitarian principles, often including nostalgic adherence to feudal or pre-industrial values, such as the ideals of " the perfect gentleman " or " the autonomous aristocrat ", though paradoxically, the dandy required an audience, as Susann Schmid observed in examining the " successfully marketed lives " of Oscar Wilde and Lord Byron, who exemplify the dandy's roles in the public sphere, both as writers and as personae providing sources of gossip and scandal.

Given the existence of a Godlike object in one world, proven above, we may conclude that there is a Godlike object in every possible world, as required.

Given the same bullet and cartridge, a faster burning powder will generally use a smaller charge of powder than required with a slower powder.

" Given, a certain population, with various needs and powers of production, in possession of certain lands and other sources of material: required, the mode of employing their labour which will maximize the utility of their produce.

Given typical workloads, Cray felt that the small cost incurred by being required to break large sequential memory accesses into segments was a cost well worth paying.

Given the requirements of weight, and fragment density required this dictated using approximately 700 fragments, and being able to aim the mine with an accuracy of around two feet ( 0. 6 m ) at the center of the target zone.

) Given that the telephone system nominal voiceband ( including guardband ) is 4, 000 Hz, the required digital sampling rate is 8, 000 Hz ( see Nyquist rate ).

Given its " grandfathered " status, opium tincture has never been required to undergo the strict FDA drug review and approval process.

Given the elevations of those three places, at least a 3 % grade would have been required.

Given a closed system in an initial state, if work is done on the system in an adiabatic ( i. e. no heat transfer ) way, and given the final state after a process, the amount of work required to be transferred to the system is the same, irrespective of how this work is performed.

Given Reagan National Airport's proximity to the city and high-security facilities, Reagan National has extra security precautions required by the Washington Air Defense Identification Zone that were in place since the airport began operations.

Given a more realistic yield of 36 tonnes / hectare ( 3834 US gal / acre ) the area required is about 152, 000 square kilometers, or roughly equal to that of the state of Georgia or of England and Wales.

Given that virtually all illegal CB radios were contraband, this concession required the licensed amateur to pay outstanding import duty and VAT.

Although the German Command expected another Allied landing in the Mediterranean, the advancing Red Army and the Allied Landing at the Normandy required all German resources, so little was done to improve the condition of Army Group G. Given the advancing Allied forces in northern France, the German Command deemed a realistic defense in the South impossible.

Given the technical limitations of daguerreotype photography which required long exposure times, this was one situation where the portrait subject remained quite still.

Given the city's central position in both Israeli nationalism ( Zionism ) and Palestinian nationalism, the selectivity required to summarise more than 5, 000 years of inhabited history is often influenced by ideological bias or background ( see Historiography and nationalism ).

Given the New York Central's axle load limits, the Pacific type could not be made any larger ; a new locomotive type would be required to carry the larger boiler that Kiefer's research indicated was needed.

Given the large volume of records and limited resources, the amendment also extended the agencies ' required response time to FOIA requests.

Given the extensive renovations that would have been required to bring the station up to modern standards, the city decided to close it instead.

Given n equally probable choices, the average reaction time T required to choose among them is approximately

Given a good model, it is best to make as many observations as practicable, depending of the expected reliability of prior knowledge, cost of observations, time and resources available, and accuracy required.

Given that it was one of the few remaining structures, the authorities expressed the desire to see it rebuilt in part to cancel traumatic events from memory however rebuilding the tower would have required its total demolition and removing the fallen parts would have meant an unacceptable risk for the workers.

Given the scope of modern regulation, however, legislatures frequently find areas where it is impractical for lawmakers to apply the level of detail or expertise required to establish complete standards.

Given M doctors and N patients, the minimum number of gloves G ( M, N ) required for all the doctors to examine all the patients is given by: