The most recent measure of social dominance orientation ( see SDO-6 above ) focuses on the “ general desire for unequal relations among social groups, regardless of whether this means ingroup domination or ingroup subordination ” ( p. 312 ) Given these changes, Rubin and Hewstone believe that evidence for social dominance theory should be considered “ as supporting three separate SDO hypotheses, rather than one single theory ” ( p. 22 ).

Without doubt, the single most significant paper concerning the distribution of prime numbers was Riemann's 1859 memoir On the Number of Primes Less Than a Given Magnitude, the only paper he ever wrote on the subject.

Bernhard Riemann in his memoir " On the Number of Primes Less Than a Given Magnitude " published in 1859 extended the Euler definition to a complex variable, proved its meromorphic continuation and functional equation and established a relation between its zeros and the distribution of prime numbers.

Given their wide historical distribution, red wolves probably utilized a large suite of habitat types at one time.

Given the date of his publication and the widespread, permanent distribution of his work, it appears that he should be regarded as the originator of the concept of space sailing by light pressure, although he did not develop the concept further.

A conceptually very simple method for generating exponential variates is based on inverse transform sampling: Given a random variate U drawn from the uniform distribution on the unit interval ( 0, 1 ), the variate

Solomonoff's universal prior probability of any prefix p of a computable sequence x is the sum of the probabilities of all programs ( for a universal computer ) that compute something starting with p. Given some p and any computable but unknown probability distribution from which x is sampled, the universal prior and Bayes ' theorem can be used to predict the yet unseen parts of x in optimal fashion.

for every Borel subset U of R. Given a mixed state S, we introduce the distribution of A under S as follows:

Given testable information, the maximum entropy procedure consists of seeking the probability distribution which maximizes information entropy, subject to the constraints of the information.

Given the global nature of gonococcal and meningococcal diseases, the worldwide distribution of antibiotics, differing social practices in controlling and monitoring antibiotic availability, and geographical differences in treatment regimens, it is likely that the global problem of antibiotic resistance will continue in the foreseeable future.

Given that there are only two possible outcomes in a binomial distribution, one can determine the proportion of " noncases " from the proportion of " cases " and vice versa.

Given its native distribution the species is also a potential natural vagrant to Western Europe and there have been records in areas such as Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly which some observers consider may relate to wild birds ; however, given the Wood Duck's popularity in captivity it would be extremely difficult to prove their provenance one way or another.

Given a random variate U drawn from the uniform distribution in the interval < nowiki >( 0, 1 )</ nowiki >, then the variate

Given a random variate U drawn from the uniform distribution in the interval < nowiki ></ nowiki >, the variate

Given the observed percentage difference p − q ( 2 % or 0. 02 ) and the standard error of the difference calculated above (. 03 ), any statistical calculator may be used to calculate the probability that a sample from a normal distribution with mean 0. 02 and standard deviation 0. 03 is greater than 0.

The universal prior probability of any prefix p of a computable sequence x is the sum of the probabilities of all programs ( for a universal computer ) that compute something starting with p. Given some p and any computable but unknown probability distribution from which x is sampled, the universal prior and Bayes ' theorem can be used to predict the yet unseen parts of x in optimal fashion.

Given this property, the lifetime distribution function and event density ( F and f below ) are well-defined.

Given a specified distribution of matter and energy in the form of a stress – energy tensor, the EFE are understood to be equations for the metric tensor, as both the Ricci tensor and scalar curvature depend on the metric in a complicated nonlinear manner.

Given the mean arrival and service rates, then actual rates vary around these average values randomly and hence have to be determined using a cumulative probability distribution function.

Given our current estimate of the parameters θ < sup >( t )</ sup >, the conditional distribution of the Z < sub > i </ sub > is determined by Bayes theorem to be the proportional height of the normal density weighted by τ:

Given a statistical manifold, with coordinates given by, one writes for the probability distribution.

Given two jointly distributed random variables X and Y, the conditional probability distribution of Y given X is the probability distribution of Y when X is known to be a particular value.

Given two random variables X and Y whose joint distribution is known, the marginal distribution of X is simply the probability distribution of X averaging over information about Y.

Given Bonfá's extraordinary dedication and talent for the guitar, Sávio excused the youngster's inability to pay for his lessons.

Given that Canada had a relatively poor track record at producing world class soccer talent, Montreal fans were likely put off by the prospect that the quality of the team's play would instantly diminish for the 1984 season.

Given its heavy dependence on imported energy, Japan has aimed to diversify its sources.

Given that the cost of replacing an executive can run over 100 % of his or her annual salary, any investment of time and energy in re-recruitment will likely pay for itself many times over if it helps a business retain just a handful of key players that would have otherwise left.

Given the initial energy of 20 TJ, the Space Shuttle is about 16 % energy efficient at launching the orbiter.

Given Ω microstates at a particular energy, the probability of finding the system in a particular microstate is p = 1 / Ω.

Given a gain of about 100 and a laser efficiency of about 1 %, HiPER produces about the same amount of fusion energy as electrical energy was needed to create it.

Given the small temperature range kinetic studies occur in, it is reasonable to approximate the activation energy as being independent of the temperature.

Given any energy eigenstate, we can act on it with the lowering operator, a, to produce another eigenstate with-less energy.

Given its great distance, the daytime " guest star " observed by the Chinese could only have been a supernova — a massive, exploding star, having exhausted its supply of energy from nuclear fusion and collapsed in on itself.

Given an inelastic reaction with total incoming energy larger than the total detected energy ( i. e. not all outgoing particles are detected in the experiment ), the invariant mass ( also known as the " missing mass ") of the reaction is defined as follows:

Given that the audio signal is unlikely to be at peak all the time, the ratio of energy is, in practice, even greater.

Given a heat value of a fuel, it would be trivial to convert from fuel units ( such as litres of gasoline ) to energy units ( such as MJ ) and conversely.

Given sufficient magic energy in her surroundings she has even effortlessly turned into a female copy of the Silver Surfer.

Given their low metabolic rate and the low density of prey at such depths, vampire squid must use innovative predator avoidance tactics to conserve energy.

Given mastery over the cosmic flame, Firelord wields a flaming staff and is capable of energy projection via his eyes and staff.

Given the total energy E and the length ( magnitude ) p of the total momentum vector, the invariant mass is given by:

Given the same energy source and operating conditions, a higher COP heat pump will consume less purchased energy than one with a lower COP.

Given the current energy mixes in other countries, it has been predicted that such emissions would decrease by 40 % in the U. K., and 19 % in China.