Carnegie's charm aided by his great wealth meant that he had many British friends, including Prime Minister William Ewart Gladstone.

Gladstone, however, saw the issue in moral terms, for Bulgarian Christians had been massacred by the Turks and Gladstone therefore believed it was immoral to support the Ottoman Empire.

" However, Whiggery as a political doctrine had little affinity for classical political economy, the tabernacle of the Manchester School and William Gladstone.

He had personally created several of the latter, Scrooge McDuck and Gladstone Gander being the most notable among them.

Although Gladstone entered Lincoln's Inn in 1833, with a view to becoming a barrister, by 1839 he had requested that his name should be removed from the list because he no longer intended to be called to the Bar.

Gladstone, who previously argued in a book that a Protestant country should not pay money to other churches, supported the increase in the Maynooth grant and voted for it in Commons, but resigned rather than face charges that he had compromised his principles to remain in office.

As a young man Gladstone had treated his father's estate, Fasque, in Forfarshire, southwest of Aberdeen, as home, but as a younger son he would not inherit it.

In 1927, during a court case over published claims that he had had improper relationships with some of these women, the jury unanimously found that the evidence " completely vindicated the high moral character of the late Mr. W. E. Gladstone ".

The Whig Sir Charles Wood and the Tory Disraeli had both been perceived to have failed in the office and so this provided Gladstone with a great political opportunity.

The income tax had legally expired but Gladstone proposed to extend it for seven years to fund tariff reductions:

Between November 1858 and February 1859, Gladstone, on behalf of Lord Derby's government, was made Extraordinary Lord High Commissioner of the Ionian Islands embarking via Vienna and Trieste on a twelve week mission to the southern Adriatic entrusted with complex challenges that had arisen in connection with the future of the British Protectorate of the Ionian islands.

Gladstone's dividing line set up in 1853 had been abolished in 1858 but Gladstone revived it, with lower incomes to pay 6½d.

Some of the duties Gladstone intended to abolish in 1860 were the duties on paper, a controversial policy because the duties had traditionally inflated the costs of publishing and thus hindered the dissemination of radical working class ideas.

As Chancellor, Gladstone made a speech at Newcastle on 7 October 1862 in which he supported the independence of the Confederate States of America in the American Civil War, claiming that Jefferson Davis had " made a nation ".

In November 1874, Gladstone published the pamphlet The Vatican Decrees in their Bearing on Civil Allegiance, directed at the First Vatican Council's dogmatising Papal Infallibility in 1870, which had outraged him.

Gladstone claimed that this decree had placed British Catholics in a dilemma over their loyalty to the Crown and their loyalty to the Pope.

Gladstone urged British Catholics to reject papal infallibility as they had opposed the Spanish Armada of 1588.

Gladstone won his constituency election in Midlothian and also in Leeds, where he had also been adopted as a candidate.

Gladstone had opposed himself to the " colonial lobby " pushing for the scramble for Africa.

Both Tory Democracy and this new Liberalism, Gladstone wrote, had done " much to estrange me, and had for many, many years ".

Many believed Gladstone had neglected military affairs and had not acted promptly enough to save the besieged Gordon.

Their policies of low public expenditure and low taxation were adopted by William Ewart Gladstone when he became chancellor of the exchequer and later prime minister.

Gladstone resigned in March 1894, in opposition to increased naval expenditure.

Gladstone argued that the £ 100 line was " the dividing line ... between the educated and the labouring part of the community " and that therefore the income tax payers and the electorate were to be the same people, who would then vote to cut government expenditure.

Gladstone opposed increasing public expenditure on the naval estimates, in the tradition of free trade liberalism of his earlier political career as Chancellor.

There was a final weak Gladstone ministry in 1892, but it also was dependent on Irish support and failed to get Irish Home Rule through the House of Lords.

It extends from The Paseo and Independence Avenue through Indian Mound on Gladstone Boulevard at Belmont Boulevard with many historical points and architectural landmarks.

( Gladstone is seated in the centre ; Rosebery, a future Prime Minister, is sitting on the carpet in front.

After his electoral defeat in 1874, Gladstone resigned as leader of the Liberal Party, but from 1876 began a comeback based on opposition to Turkey's Bulgarian atrocities.

In a ' Declaration ' signed on 7 December 1896 and only to be opened after his death by his son Stephen, Gladstone wrote:

The budget speech ( delivered on 18 April ), at nearly five hours length, raised Gladstone " at once to the front rank of financiers as of orators ".

However with Britain entering the Crimean War in February 1854, Gladstone introduced his second budget on 6 March.

Gladstone proclaimed that " the expenses of a war are the moral check which it has pleased the Almighty to impose on the ambition and the lust of conquest that are inherent in so many nations ".

By May £ 6, 870, 000 was needed to finance the war and so Gladstone introduced another budget on 8 May.

And since the profit motive and the propensity to save were considered of paramount importance for the economic progress of all classes, this meant in particular that taxation should as little as possible interfere with the net earnings of business ... As regards indirect taxes, the principle of least interference was interpreted by Gladstone to mean that taxation should be concentrated on a few important articles, leaving the rest free ... Last, but not least, we have the principle of the balanced budget.

Due to his actions as Chancellor, Gladstone earned the reputation as the liberator of British trade and the working man's breakfast table, the man responsible for the emancipation of the popular press from " taxes upon knowledge " and for placing a duty on the succession of the estates of the rich.

When Mr Gladstone appeared on the Tyne he heard cheer no other English minister ever heard ... the people were grateful to him, and rough pitmen who never approached a public man before, pressed round his carriage by thousands ... and thousands of arms were stretched out at once, to shake hands with Mr Gladstone as one of themselves.

in 1868 Gladstone proposed the Irish Church Resolutions to reunite the Liberal Party for government ( on the issue of disestablishment of the Church of Ireland – this would be done during Gladstone's First Government in 1869 and meant that Irish Roman Catholics did not need to pay their tithes to the Anglican Church of Ireland ).

One afternoon of November, 1868, in the Park at Hawarden, I was standing by Mr. Gladstone holding his coat on my arm while he, in his shirt sleeves, was wielding an axe to cut down a tree.

After a few minutes the blows ceased and Mr. Gladstone, resting on the handle of his axe, looked up, and with deep earnestness in his voice, and great intensity in his face, exclaimed: ‘ My mission is to pacify Ireland .’ He then resumed his task, and never said another word till the tree was down.

When an unemployed miner ( Daniel Jones ) wrote to him to complain of his unemployment and low wages, Gladstone gave what H. C. G. Matthew has called " the classic mid-Victorian reply " on 20 October 1869:

At a speech at Blackheath on 28 October 1871, Gladstone warned his constituents against social reformers:

In his election address to his constituents on 23 January, Gladstone said:

According to the working-class financial reformer Thomas Briggs, writing in the trade unionist newspaper The Bee-Hive, the manifesto relied on " a much higher authority than Mr. Gladstone ... viz., the late Richard Cobden ".