Glucose, one of the most important carbohydrates, is an example of a monosaccharide.

Glucose is the major energy source in most life forms.

Glucose | D-glucose is an aldohexose with the formula ( C · H < sub > 2 </ sub > O )< sub > 6 </ sub >.

Glucose, like mannitol, is a sugar that can behave as an osmotic diuretic.

Glucose, sodium ions and chloride ions are just a few examples of molecules and ions that must efficiently get across the plasma membrane but to which the lipid bilayer of the membrane is virtually impermeable.

Glucose stimulates the production of insulin through food entering the bloodstream, which is grasped by the beta cells in the pancreas.

* Glucose loading test ( GLT )-screens for gestational diabetes ; if > 140 mg / dL, a glucose tolerance test ( GTT ) is administered ; a fasting glucose > 105 mg / dL suggests gestational diabetes.

After 2 hours a Glycemia less than 7. 8 mmol / L ( 140 mg / dl ) is considered normal, a glycemia of between 7. 8 to 11. 0 mmol / L ( 140 to 197 mg / dl ) is considered as Impaired Glucose Tolerance ( IGT ) and a glycemia of greater than or equal to 11. 1 mmol / L ( 200 mg / dl ) is considered Diabetes Mellitus.

* Blood glucose – Glucose is a simple sugar and the primary fuel for body cells.

* Glucose – a simple sugar which is the chief carbohydrate fuel in food.

Glucose reacts with proteins throughout the body ; indeed, this is thought to be one, if not the primary, mechanism by which high glucose levels cause damage ( see Malliot reaction in cooking for a parallel ).

Glucose and proteins are especially well resorbed, such that the presence of either is evidence of serious problems.

Glucose, C < sub > 6 </ sub > H < sub > 12 </ sub > O < sub > 6 </ sub >, was originally thought of as C < sub > 6 </ sub >( H < sub > 2 </ sub > O )< sub > 6 </ sub > and described as a carbohydrate, but this is a very poor description of its structure as known today.

Glucose is unique in that it can be used to produce ATP by all cells in both the presence and absence of molecular oxygen ( O < sub > 2 </ sub >).

Water is removed from the nephrons by osmosis ( and Glucose and other ions are pumped out with active transport ), gradually raising the concentration in the nephrons.

In the gut, for example, sodium is transported out of the reabsorbing cell on the blood ( interstitial fluid ) side via the Na < sup >+</ sup >- K < sup >+</ sup > pump, whereas, on the reabsorbing ( luminal ) side, the Na < sup >+</ sup >- Glucose symporter uses the created Na < sup >+</ sup > gradient as a source of energy to import both Na < sup >+</ sup > and glucose, which is far more efficient than simple diffusion.

Glucose found to be present in urine is an indication of diabetes mellitus.

Glucose is the body's primary fuel source and is essential for the brain's functioning.

Glucose reacts with oxygen in the following redox reaction, C < sub > 6 </ sub > H < sub > 12 </ sub > O < sub > 6 </ sub > + 6O < sub > 2 </ sub > → 6CO < sub > 2 </ sub > + 6H < sub > 2 </ sub > O, the carbon dioxide and water is a waste product and the chemical reaction is exothermic.

Glucose is a highly reactive compound, and it must be metabolized or it will find tissues in the body to react with.

Glucose concentrations expressed as mg / dL can be converted to mmol / L by dividing by 18. 0 g / dmol ( the molar mass of glucose ).

# Glucose abnormalities ; these could be distinguished by a history of diabetes mellitus and a loss of consciousness

Liver-Insulin signaling activates the adenosine triphosphate ( ATP )- sensitive potassium ( KATP ) channels in the Arcuate nucleus, decreases AgRP release, and through the vagus nerve, leads to decreased glucose production by the liver by decreasing gluconeogenic enzymes: Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, Glucose 6-phosphatase )

Patient Education and Counseling, 80 ( 1 ), 29-41. Furthermore, a recent study showed that patients described as being “ Uncontrolled Diabetics ” ( defined in this study by HbA1C levels > 8 %) showed a statistically significant decrease in the HbA1C levels after a 90-day period of seven-point Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose ( SMBG ) with a Relative Risk Reduction ( RRR ) of 0. 18 % ( 95 % CI, 0. 86-2. 64 %, p <. 001 ).< ref > Khamseh, M. E., Ansari, M., Malek, M., Shafiee, G., & Baradaran, H. ( 2011 ).

Glucose and galactose can be absorbed by the small intestine.

* In the liver and kidney, G6P can be dephosphorylated back to Glucose by the enzyme Glucose 6-phosphatase.

Glucose is shuttled into the cytoplasm by glucose transporters located in the endoplasmic reticulum's membrane.

) Glucose is transported from the intestines or liver to body cells via the bloodstream, and is made available for cell absorption via the hormone insulin, produced by the body primarily in the pancreas.

Glucose levels are usually lowest in the morning, before the first meal of the day ( termed " the fasting level "), and rise after meals for an hour or two by a few millimolar.

Normal Human Glucose Blood Test results should be 70-130 ( mg / dL ) before meals, and less than 180 mg / dL after meals ( as measured by a blood glucose monitor ).

Glucose and other carbohydrates are part of a wide variety of metabolic pathways across species: plants synthesize carbohydrates from atmospheric gases by photosynthesis storing the absorbed energy internally, often in the form of starch or lipids.

Glucose disposal, the other side of the equation, is controlled by uptake of glucose at the working skeletal muscles.

Glucose has a glycemic index of 100, by definition, and other foods have a lower glycemic index.

Glucose is produced when a glucoside is hydrolysed by purely chemical means, or decomposed by fermentation or enzymes.

Glucose ( a simple sugar ) is created in the plant by photosynthesis.

Glucose metabolism by the brain is impaired in Alzheimer's disease, and it is proposed that ketone bodies may provide an alternative energy source.

The available carbon sources are also important: Glucose inhibits penicillin production, whereas lactose does not.

Recently, several of these individuals found " dead in bed " were wearing Continuous Glucose Monitors, which provided a history of glucose levels prior to the fatal event.

For this reason, it is recommended that malnourished patients receive 100 mg parenteral thiamine, especially when glucose infusions are going to be administered ( Glucose administration promotes decarboxylation of pyruvate, a biochemical reaction which requires thiamine.

Glucose oxidase catalyzes the oxidation of β-D-glucose into D-glucono-1, 5-lactone, which then hydrolyzes to gluconic acid.

* Glucose oxidase, an enzyme which is commonly used in glucose biosensors.

* Glucose molecules are assembled in a chain by glycogen synthase, which must act on a pre-existing glycogen primer or glycogenin ( small protein that forms the primer ).

* Glucose biosensor – use of poly ( 3-hexyl thiopene ) as Langmuir – Blodgett film, which entraps glucose-oxide and transfers it to a coated indium-tin-oxide glass plate.