Glucose oxidase is widely used for the determination of free glucose in body fluids ( diagnostics ), in vegetal raw material, and in the food industry.

Glucose oxidase catalyzes the oxidation of β-D-glucose into D-glucono-1, 5-lactone, which then hydrolyzes to gluconic acid.

Glucose oxidase is found in honey and acts as a natural preservative.

* Glucose oxidase, an enzyme which is commonly used in glucose biosensors.

# REDIRECT Glucose oxidase

Glucose, one of the most important carbohydrates, is an example of a monosaccharide.

Glucose is the major energy source in most life forms.

Glucose is mainly metabolized by a very important ten-step pathway called glycolysis, the net result of which is to break down one molecule of glucose into two molecules of pyruvate ; this also produces a net two molecules of ATP, the energy currency of cells, along with two reducing equivalents in the form of converting NAD < sup >+</ sup > to NADH.

Glucose | D-glucose is an aldohexose with the formula ( C · H < sub > 2 </ sub > O )< sub > 6 </ sub >.

Glucose, like mannitol, is a sugar that can behave as an osmotic diuretic.

Glucose, sodium ions and chloride ions are just a few examples of molecules and ions that must efficiently get across the plasma membrane but to which the lipid bilayer of the membrane is virtually impermeable.

Glucose stimulates the production of insulin through food entering the bloodstream, which is grasped by the beta cells in the pancreas.

* Glucose loading test ( GLT )-screens for gestational diabetes ; if > 140 mg / dL, a glucose tolerance test ( GTT ) is administered ; a fasting glucose > 105 mg / dL suggests gestational diabetes.

After 2 hours a Glycemia less than 7. 8 mmol / L ( 140 mg / dl ) is considered normal, a glycemia of between 7. 8 to 11. 0 mmol / L ( 140 to 197 mg / dl ) is considered as Impaired Glucose Tolerance ( IGT ) and a glycemia of greater than or equal to 11. 1 mmol / L ( 200 mg / dl ) is considered Diabetes Mellitus.

* Blood glucose – Glucose is a simple sugar and the primary fuel for body cells.

* Glucose – a simple sugar which is the chief carbohydrate fuel in food.

Glucose reacts with proteins throughout the body ; indeed, this is thought to be one, if not the primary, mechanism by which high glucose levels cause damage ( see Malliot reaction in cooking for a parallel ).

Glucose and proteins are especially well resorbed, such that the presence of either is evidence of serious problems.

Glucose, C < sub > 6 </ sub > H < sub > 12 </ sub > O < sub > 6 </ sub >, was originally thought of as C < sub > 6 </ sub >( H < sub > 2 </ sub > O )< sub > 6 </ sub > and described as a carbohydrate, but this is a very poor description of its structure as known today.

Glucose is unique in that it can be used to produce ATP by all cells in both the presence and absence of molecular oxygen ( O < sub > 2 </ sub >).

Water is removed from the nephrons by osmosis ( and Glucose and other ions are pumped out with active transport ), gradually raising the concentration in the nephrons.

In the gut, for example, sodium is transported out of the reabsorbing cell on the blood ( interstitial fluid ) side via the Na < sup >+</ sup >- K < sup >+</ sup > pump, whereas, on the reabsorbing ( luminal ) side, the Na < sup >+</ sup >- Glucose symporter uses the created Na < sup >+</ sup > gradient as a source of energy to import both Na < sup >+</ sup > and glucose, which is far more efficient than simple diffusion.

Glucose found to be present in urine is an indication of diabetes mellitus.

Glucose is the body's primary fuel source and is essential for the brain's functioning.

Glucose reacts with oxygen in the following redox reaction, C < sub > 6 </ sub > H < sub > 12 </ sub > O < sub > 6 </ sub > + 6O < sub > 2 </ sub > → 6CO < sub > 2 </ sub > + 6H < sub > 2 </ sub > O, the carbon dioxide and water is a waste product and the chemical reaction is exothermic.

Glucose syrup is also widely used in the manufacture of a variety of candy products.

Glucose concentrations are expressed as milligrams per deciliter ( mg / dL or mg / 100 mL ) in the United States, Japan, Spain, France, Belgium, Egypt, Saudi Arabia and Colombia, while millimoles per liter ( mmol / L or mM ) are the units used in most of the rest of the world.

Glucose is now used and both low sulfide and zero sulfide products are available.

Glucose and salt solution infusions may be administered ; dialysis is used in serious cases.

* " Glucose Oxidase: A much used and much loved enzyme in biosensors " at University of Paisley

Another method that can be used to apply a thin layer of silver to several objects, such as glass, is to place Tollens ' reagent in a glass, add Glucose / Dextrose, and shake the bottle to promote the reaction.

Glucose or glycerol are often used as carbon sources, and ammonium salts or nitrates as inorganic nitrogen sources.

Glucose syrup containing over 90 % glucose is used in industrial fermentation < sup > p. 230 </ sup >, but syrups used in confectionery manufacture contain varying amounts of glucose, maltose and higher oligosaccharides, depending on the grade, and can typically contain 10 % to 43 % glucose .< sup > p. 132 </ sup > Glucose syrup is used in foods to soften texture, add volume, prevent crystallization of sugar, and enhance flavor.

For this reason, it is recommended that malnourished patients receive 100 mg parenteral thiamine, especially when glucose infusions are going to be administered ( Glucose administration promotes decarboxylation of pyruvate, a biochemical reaction which requires thiamine.

Commonly-used tracers are 3 -< sup > 3 </ sup > H glucose ( radioactive ), 6, 6 < sup > 2 </ sup > H-glucose ( stable ) and 1 -< sup > 13 </ sup > C Glucose ( stable ).

Patient Education and Counseling, 80 ( 1 ), 29-41. Furthermore, a recent study showed that patients described as being “ Uncontrolled Diabetics ” ( defined in this study by HbA1C levels > 8 %) showed a statistically significant decrease in the HbA1C levels after a 90-day period of seven-point Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose ( SMBG ) with a Relative Risk Reduction ( RRR ) of 0. 18 % ( 95 % CI, 0. 86-2. 64 %, p <. 001 ).< ref > Khamseh, M. E., Ansari, M., Malek, M., Shafiee, G., & Baradaran, H. ( 2011 ).

Glucose enhances absorption of fructose, so fructose from foods with fructose-to-glucose ratio < 1, like white potatoes, are readily absorbed, whereas foods with fructose-to-glucose ratio > 1, like apples and pears, are often problematic regardless of the total amount of fructose in the food.

** Glucose > 10 mmol / L

* Glucose: 2. 38 g

Glucose levels above 11. 1 mmol / L ( 200 mg / dL ) at 2 hours confirms a diagnosis of diabetes.

Glucose transporter 2 ( GLUT2 ) also known as solute carrier family 2 ( facilitated glucose transporter ), member 2 ( SLC2A2 ) is a transmembrane carrier protein that enables passive glucose movement across cell membranes.