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Gnosticism and was
His secret works, which exist only in fragments, attest that he was also familiar with pre-Christian Jewish esotericism and Gnosticism.
Gnosticism was primarily defined in Christian context, e. g., as " the acute Hellenization of Christianity " per Adolf von Harnack ( 1885 ), until Moritz Friedländer ( 1898 ) advocated Hellenistic Jewish origins, and Wilhelm Bousset ( 1907 ) advocated Persian origins.
The term " Gnosticism " does not appear in ancient sources, and was first coined by Henry More in a commentary on the seven letters of the Book of Revelation, where More used the term " Gnosticisme " to describe the heresy in Thyatira.
Though his sources on Gnosticism were secondary, since the texts in the Nag Hammadi library were not yet widely available, Eric Voegelin ( 1901 – 1985 ), partially building on the concept of gnosis as used by Plato and the followers of Gnosticism, along with how it was defined by Hans Jonas, defined the gnosis of the followers of Gnosticism as religious philosophical teachings that are the foundations of cults.
Irenaeus ' best-known book, Adversus Haereses or Against Heresies ( c. 180 ) is a detailed attack on Gnosticism, which was then a serious threat to the Church, and especially on the system of the Gnostic Valentinus.
Until the discovery of the Library of Nag Hammadi in 1945, Against Heresies was the best-surviving description of Gnosticism.
Though correct in some details about the belief systems of various groups, Irenaeus ' main purpose was to warn Christians against Gnosticism, rather than catalog those beliefs.
In 200 CE, however, Jews were granted Roman citizenship and Judaism was recognized as a religio licita (" legitimate religion "), until the rise of Gnosticism and Early Christianity in in the fourth century.
The doctrine of original sin was first developed in the 2nd-century Irenaeus, Bishop of Lyons's struggle against Gnosticism.
This position was crucial in the Christian confrontation with Cynicism and some of the chief forms of Gnosticism, such as Manichaeism, which taught that man is by nature flawed and therefore not responsible for evil in himself or in the world.
This concept was continued in Neoplatonism and Gnosticism.
In a parallel tradition, Hermetic philosophy rationalized and systematized religious cult practices and offered the adept a method of personal ascension from the constraints of physical being, which has led to confusion of Hermeticism with Gnosticism, which was developing contemporaneously.
History shows that the early church especially in Rome, was influenced by pagan rituals and beliefs from the Roman imperial cult, Hellenistic philosophy, notably Neoplatonism, and Gnosticism.
In addition the Mandean religion, a form of Gnosticism, was born in Harran.
In late antiquity the term archon was used in Gnosticism to refer to several servants of the Demiurge, the " creator god " that stood between the human race and a transcendent God that could only be reached through gnosis.
It was to be feared that the Jews, by their facility in accommodating themselves to surrounding — even then a marked characteristic — might become entangled in the net of Grecian philosophy, and even in that of Gnosticism.
But it was also clearly inspired by Christianity, monism and Gnosticism.
These lectures, which dealt with such special subjects as Gnosticism and the Apocalypse, attracted considerable attention, and in 1876 he was appointed professor extraordinarius.
Culturally, the Roman Empire was significantly hellenized, but also saw the rise of syncratic " eastern " traditions, such as Mithraism, Gnosticism, and most notably Christianity.
Nontrinitarianism was later renewed in the Gnosticism of the Cathars in the 11th through 13th centuries, in the Age of Enlightenment of the 18th century, and in some groups arising during the Second Great Awakening of the 19th century.
Classical Gnosticism, by contrast, held that Jesus was the son of both, even having a natural human father ; that he was both the Messiah of Judaism and the world Savior.

Gnosticism and important
The number eight plays an important part in Gnostic systems, and it is necessary to distinguish the different forms in which it has entered in different stages of the development of Gnosticism.
Conversely, she is not as central in most forms of established Christianity as she is in Gnosticism, but to some Christian mystics the Sophia is a very important concept.

Gnosticism and development
In the 13th century, the region saw the development of Catharism, a dualistic Christian sect with similarities to Gnosticism.

Gnosticism and from
There have also been periodic tensions with both mainstream and fundamentalist Christians, who think the religion is aligned with Gnosticism or is a cult, and fault it for departing from traditional Christian doctrine.
Druze beliefs incorporate several elements from Abrahamic religions, Gnosticism, Neoplatonism and other philosophies.
Catharism apparently inherited their idea of Satan as the creator of the evil world from Gnosticism.
Gnosticism attributed falsehood, fallen or evil, to the concept of Demiurge or Creator ( see Zeus and Prometheus ), though sometimes the creator is from a fallen, ignorant or lesser, rather than evil, perspective ( in some Gnosticism traditions ), such as that of Valentinius.
Gnosticism ( from gnostikos, " learned ", from gnōsis, knowledge ) is a modern scholarly term for a set of religious beliefs and spiritual practices found among some early Christian and non-Christian groups called " gnostic " (" knowing ") by Irenaeus and other early Christian leaders.
The English term " Gnosticism " derives from the use of the Greek adjective gnostikos (" learned ", " intellectual ", Greek γνωστικός ) by St. Irenaeus ( c. 185 AD ) to describe the school of Valentinus as he legomene gnostike haeresis " the heresy called Learned ( gnostic )".
Gnosticism taught that salvation came from gnosis, secret knowledge, and Gnostics did not see Jesus as a savior but a revealer of knowledge.
" It has been suggested that similarities between John's Gospel and Gnosticism may spring from common roots in Jewish Apocalyptic literature.
This last phrase ( from 1 Timothy 6: 20 ) is the origin of the title of the book by Irenaeus, On the Detection and Overthrow of False Knowledge, that contains the adjective gnostikos, which is the source for the 17th Century English term " Gnosticism.
New Age practices and philosophies sometimes draw inspiration from major world religions: Buddhism, Taoism, Chinese folk religion, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam ( especially Sufism ), Judaism ( especially Kabbalah ), Sikhism ; with strong influences from East Asian religions, Gnosticism, Neopaganism, New Thought, Spiritualism, Theosophy, Universalism and Western esotericism.
Gnosticism is Panentheistic, believing that the true God is separate from the physical universe however, there are aspects of the true God in the physical universe as well.
However the inter-relation of Manicheanism, Orphism, Gnosticism and neo-Platonism is far from clear.
This mysterious Western, offshoot of Gnosticism had no single feature about it which could soften the hostility of a character such as Martin's, but he resisted the introduction of secular punishment for evil doctrine, and withdrew from communion with those bishops in Gaul, a large majority, who invoked the aid of Maximus against their erring brethren.
In spite of his schism from the Church, he continued to write against heresy, especially Gnosticism.
* Clement of Alexandria: Theologian and apologist who wrote on Greek philosophy, using ideas from pagan literature, Stoic and Platonic philosophy, and Gnosticism to argue for Christianity
Samael Aun Weor had taught emanationism from his studies with the Kabbalah and Gnosticism.
" In a profile of the group for Newsweek, Kenneth Woodward compares his dualism to that of ancient Christian Gnosticism, although Peters notes that his theology departs from Gnosticism by privileging the physical world.
In portraying Christ as a spirit that came from heaven, undertook its divine task in the material world, and then returned, he anticipates the fully developed Christian Gnosticism in later decades.

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