Kosmos is the most complex and ambiguous work of Gombrowicz.

Operetka is the last play of Gombrowicz and it uses an operetta form in order to present the changes of the world in the 20th century in a grotesque way, that is the transition to totalitarianism.

According to many scholars the most outstanding work of Gombrowicz is Dziennik ( Diaries ), which was published in serial form in Kultura in 1953 – 1969.

Trans-Atlantyk is a novel by the Polish author Witold Gombrowicz, originally published in 1953.

Kosmos is a 1965 novel by the Polish author Witold Gombrowicz.

It is based on a Witold Gombrowicz novel, " Pornografia ", placed in Poland occupied by Nazi Germany during World War II.

At the end of the 1940s Gombrowicz was trying to gain a position among Argentine literary circles by publishing articles, giving lectures in Fray Mocho café, and finally, by publishing in 1947 a Spanish translation of Ferdydurke written with the help of his friends, among them Virgilio Piñera.

After October 1956 four books written by Gombrowicz appeared in Poland and they brought him great renown despite the fact that the authorities did not allow the publication of Dziennik ( Diary ).

In his serialized Diary ( 1953 – 68 ) Gombrowicz alluded to his homosexual experiences with ' lower class ' young men ; a theme which he picked up again when interviewed by Dominique de Roux in A Kind of Testament ( 1973 ).

Stage adaptations of Ferdydurke and other works of Gombrowicz were presented by many theatres, especially prior to 1986, before the first 9 volumes of his works were published.

The first dramatic text written by Gombrowicz was Iwona, księżniczka Burgunda ( Ivona, Princess of Burgundia, 1938 ), a tragicomedy — a play that describes what the enslavement of form, custom, and ceremony brings.

Two novels by Gombrowicz were filmed: Pornografia directed by Jan Jakub Kolski ( the film was completed in 2003 ) and Ferdydurke directed by Jerzy Skolimowski.

The film was released in 1997 and follows the patients and staff staging their production of Operette by Witold Gombrowicz.

* Possessed ( novel ), a 1939 novel by Witold Gombrowicz

* Kosmos ( novel ), by Witold Gombrowicz

According to a note made by the secret police ( SB ) agent in the Polish Union of Writers ( Związek Literatów Polskich ) Herbert was a candidate for the 1968 Nobel Prize in Literature along with another Polish writer Witold Gombrowicz.

His poetry has been admired by authors as disparate as Witold Gombrowicz, Victoria Ocampo, and Francis de Miomandre.

Category: Works by Witold Gombrowicz

* Pornography ( novel ) by Witold Gombrowicz

Category: Works by Witold Gombrowicz

* Witold Gombrowicz ( 1904 – 1969 ), writer, died in his home here

Famous phrases of Gombrowicz are found in the novel and became common usage in Polish, for instance words such as " upupienie " ( imposing on the individual the role of somebody inferior and immature ) and " gęba " ( a personality or an authentic role imposed on somebody ).

Therefore, the satire of Gombrowicz presents the human being either as a member of a society or an individual who struggles with himself and the world.

* 1904 – Witold Gombrowicz, Polish novelist ( d. 1969 )

Witold Marian Gombrowicz ( August 4, 1904 in Małoszyce, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, Congress Poland, Russian Empire – July 24, 1969 in Vence, near Nice, France ) was a Polish novelist and dramatist.

Gombrowicz was born in Małoszyce, in Congress Poland, Russian Empire to a wealthy gentry family.

) Gombrowicz spent a year in Paris where he studied at the Institut des Hautes Etudes Internationales ; although he was less than diligent in his studies his time in France brought him in constant contact with other young intellectuals.

Just before the outbreak of the Second World War, Gombrowicz took part in the maiden voyage of the Polish cruise liner, Chrobry, to South America.

Gombrowicz was actually to stay in Argentina until 1963 — often, especially during the war, in great poverty.

From December 1947 to May 1955 Gombrowicz worked as a bank clerk in Banco Polaco, the Argentine branch of Pekao SA Bank.

Having received a scholarship from the Ford Foundation, Gombrowicz returned to Europe in 1963.

Gombrowicz came back to France in 1964.

On December 28, 1968, Gombrowicz married Rita Labrosse.

Gombrowicz wrote in Polish, however, in view of his decision not to allow his works to be published in his native country until the ban on the unabridged version of Dziennik, in which he described the Polish authorities ' slanderous attacks on him, was lifted he remained a largely unknown figure to the general reading public until the first half of the 1970s.

The salient characteristics of Gombrowicz ’ s writing include incisive descriptions of characters ' psychological entanglement with others, an acute awareness of conflicts that arise when traditional cultural values clash with contemporary values, and an exasperated yet comedic sense of the absurd.

The writing of Gombrowicz contains links with existentialism and with structuralism.

For many critics and theorists, the most engaging aspects of Gombrowicz ’ s work are the connections with European thought in the second half of the 20th century, which links him with the intellectual heritage of Michel Foucault, Roland Barthes, Gilles Deleuze, Jacques Lacan, and Jean-Paul Sartre.

As Gombrowicz stated, " Ferdydurke was published in 1937 before Sartre formulated his theory of the regard d ' autrui.

Gombrowicz uses first-person narrative in his novels, with the exception of Opętani.

In the text entitled Ślub, which was written just after the war, Gombrowicz used the form of Shakespeare ’ s and Calderon ’ s theatre.

In the novel Trans-Atlantyk Gombrowicz juxtaposes the traditional vision of a human that serves the values of the new vision, according to which an individual frees oneself of this service and basically fulfills oneself.