He transformed the direction of Italian painting, moving it away from the idealizations of Gothic art, and, for the first time, presenting it as part of a more profound, natural, and humanist world.

Over the following centuries the three terms grotesque, moresque and arabesque were used largely interchangeably in English, French and German for styles of decoration derived at least as much from the European past as the Islamic world, with " grotesque " gradually acquiring its main modern meaning, related more to Gothic gargoyles and caricature than to either Pompeii-style Roman painting or Islamic patterns.

It is a three-aisle late Gothic church, erected between 1466 and 1502, which boasts a late-Gothic painting entitled Madonna with a Roseor the Holy Virgin of Beautiful Lovefrom the 16th century.

The bare and empty state of those churches left in Catholic hands after the hostilities eventually ended prompted a large programme of restocking with Catholic art, which had much to do with the vigour of Northern Mannerism and later Flemish Baroque painting, and many Gothic churches were given Baroque makeovers.

The Sienese School of painting flourished in Siena, Italy between the 13th and 15th centuries and for a time rivaled Florence, though it was more conservative, being inclined towards the decorative beauty and elegant grace of late Gothic art.

The unveiling of Gentile da Fabriano's Adoration of the Magi ( below ) in Florence in 1423, " the culminating work of International Gothic painting ", was almost immediately followed by the painting of the Brancacci Chapel by Masolino and Masaccio ( 1424 – 26 ), which was recognised as a breakthrough to a new style.

In similar fashion the Limbourg brothers ' masterpiece the Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry was followed within a few years by the Turin-Milan Hours, a continuation of a manuscript started decades before by the Parement Master for the Duke of Berry, which despite a Gothic framework pioneered a very different style of painting.

Duccio is credited with creating the painting style of Trecento and the Sienese school, and contributed significantly to the Sienese Gothic style.

He was a major figure in the development of early Italian painting and greatly influenced the development of the International Gothic style.

He is best known for his paintings depicting the rural American Midwest, particularly the painting American Gothic, an iconic image of the 20th century.

Wood's best known work is his 1930 painting American Gothic, which is also one of the most famous paintings in American art, and one of the few images to reach the status of universally recognised cultural icon, comparable to Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa and Edvard Munch's The Scream.

The church accommodates valuable works of art: the altar painting Our Lady of the Rosary, the Gothic wooden cross, and the silver processional crucifix and reliquaries are safeguarded in the treasury.

In the Sienese school, the influence of classical Roman forms combined with the Byzantine artistic heritage of the region and with northern Gothic influences to form a naturalized painting style that was one of the origins of International Gothic.

The term originated with Gothic architecture in 1140, but Gothic painting did not appear until around 1200 ( this date has many qualifications ), when it diverged from Romanesque style.

During the late 13th century and early 14th century, much of the painting in Italy was Byzantine in Character, notably that of Duccio of Siena and Cimabue of Florence, while Pietro Cavallini in Rome was more Gothic in style.

Dutch painters such as Jan van Eyck and Hugo van der Goes were to have great influence on Late Gothic and Early Renaissance painting.

Gothic painting did not appear until around 1200 ( this date has many qualifications ), when it diverged from Romanesque style.

A Gothic style in sculpture originates in France around 1144 and spread throughout Europe, becoming by the 13th century the international style, replacing Romanesque, though in sculpture and painting the transition was not as sharp as in architecture.

The invention of a comprehensive mathematically based system of linear perspective is a defining achievement of the early 15th century Italian Renaissance in Florence, but Gothic painting had already made great progress in the naturalistic depiction of distance and volume, though it did not usually regard them as essential features of a work if other aims conflicted with them, and late Gothic sculpture was increasingly naturalistic.

From the 1860s until the twenties, and according to the decorative tastes prevailing in each moment, cuckoo clock cases were manufactured following different styles then in vogue such as ; Biedermier ( some models also included a painting of a person or animal with moving eyes ), Neoclassical or Georgian ( certain pieces also displayed a painting ), Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, Art Nouveau, etc., becoming a suitable complementary piece for the bourgeois living room.

Evidence is plentiful that early and later also he has been indebted to the Gothic romancers, who deal in extravagant horror, to the symbolists writing at the end of the preceding century, and in particular to the stream-of-consciousness novelists, Henry James and James Joyce among them.

And by a skillful and unobtrusive use of imagery ( the enclosure is called a `` Roman-camp stockade '', the hastily erected lean-to is a `` Babylonian hovel '', the men begin to look like `` Peruvian mummies '' and to acquire `` Gothic faces '' ), Malraux projects a fresco of human endurance -- which is also the endurance of the human -- stretching backward into the dark abyss of time.

One, the ABCDE order later used in Phoenician, has continued with minor changes in Hebrew, Greek, Armenian, Gothic, Cyrillic, and Latin ; the other, HMĦLQ, was used in southern Arabia and is preserved today in Ethiopic.

* 378 – Gothic War: Battle of Adrianople – A large Roman army led by Emperor Valens is defeated by the Visigoths in present-day Turkey.

This, combined with their post-battle rewards, prompted them to raise Alaric " on a shield " and proclaim him king ; according to Jordanes ( a Gothic historian of varying importance, depending upon who is asked ), both the new king and his people decided " rather to seek new kingdoms by their own work, than to slumber in peaceful subjection to the rule of others.

He starts, despite of shortages, raids against the Gothic camps and Vitiges is forced into a stalemate.

Amalric is a personal name derived from the tribal name Amal ( referring to the Gothic Amali ) and ric ( Gothic reiks ) meaning " ruler, prince ".

Stilicho is alleged by some to have wanted control of both Emperors, and is supposed to have had Rufinus assassinated by Gothic mercenaries in 395 ; though definite proof of Stilicho's involvement in the assassination is lacking, the intense competition and political jealousies engendered by the two figures compose the main thread of the first part of Arcadius ' reign.

However, his construction of the Gothic alphabet is based upon an entirely different modular system.

As in Classical architecture, in Gothic architecture, too, an aedicule or tabernacle frame is a structural framing device that gives importance to its contents, whether an inscribed plaque, a cult object, a bust or the like, by assuming the tectonic vocabulary of a little building that sets it apart from the wall against which it is placed.

The architectural style is a mixture of Victorian Gothic, Tudor and Dutch Baroque and was the subject of much bemused comment from those who worked there, or visited, during World War II.

It is generally assumed by scholars that the Bastarnae's original home was around the Vistula river ( central Poland ) and that they migrated south-eastwards to the Black Sea region around 200 BC ( as, 400 years later, did the Gothic ethnos ).

Although this culture has conventionally been identified with the migration of the Gothic ethnos into the region from the Northwest, Todd argues that its most important origin is Scytho-Sarmatian.

Some important Roman ruins are exposed under the Plaça del Rei, its entrance located by the city museum ( Museu d ' Història de la Ciutat ); the typically Roman grid plan is still visible today in the layout of the historical centre, the Barri Gòtic (" Gothic Quarter ").

The Cathédrale Sainte-Marie is an imposing, elegant Gothic building, rising over the houses, glimpsed along the narrow streets.

However, the name of the king is indeed Gothic and probably genuine.

The supposedly treacherous behavior of Treboniannus Gallus who, according to Zosimus, signalled the final Gothic assault is not accepted today.

Another Indo-European example is star ( English ), str-( Sanskrit ), tara ( Hindi-Urdu ), étoile ( French ), ἀστήρ ( astēr ) ( Greek or ἀστέρι / ἄστρο, asteri / astro in Modern Greek ), stella ( Italian ), aster ( Latin ) stea ( Romanian and Venetian ), stairno ( Gothic ), astl ( Armenian ), Stern ( German ), ster ( Dutch and Afrikaans ), starn ( Scots ), stjerne ( Norwegian and Danish ), stjarna ( Icelandic ), stjärna ( Swedish ), stjørna ( Faroese ), setāre ( Persian ), stoorei ( Pashto ), seren ( Welsh ), steren ( Cornish ), estel ( Catalan ), estrella Spanish, estrella Asturian and Leonese, estrela ( Portuguese and Galician ) and estêre or stêrk ( Kurdish ), from the PIE, " star ".

Carmilla is a Gothic novella by Joseph Sheridan Le Fanu.

Columns, or at least large structural exterior ones, became much less significant in the architecture of the Middle Ages, and the classical forms were abandoned in both Byzantine architecture and the Romanesque and Gothic architecture or Europe in favour of more flexible forms, with capitals often using various types of foliage decoration, and in the West scenes with figures carved in relief.

Other Mannish languages which were less developed included: Dalish, Rohirric ( represented by Anglo-Saxon ), Rhovanion ( represented by Gothic ), Haladin, Dunlendish, Drûg, Haradrim, and Easterling.

The increase in size between windows of the Romanesque and Gothic periods is related to the use of the ribbed vault, and in particular, the pointed ribbed vault which channeled the weight to a supporting shaft with less outward thrust than a semicircular vault.

Most notable are the Gothic town hall ( rebuilt in a slightly less grandiose style after the war ) and the 19th-century cathedral.

The Gothic Symphony lasts for nearly two hours, the last symphony of all, No. 32, barely twenty minutes, and yet it is no less substantial.

A medium of Late Gothic style that is easily overlooked because it has virtually entirely disappeared is that of painted hangings, which served as a less expensive substitute for woven hangings but could be produced, with appropriate themes, on short notice.

The height of the nave is about 45 meters, the highest Gothic vaults of a complete church ( less than the 48 meters of Beauvais Cathedral, which was never completed ).

The Scaliger Tombs in Verona include Gothic statues at less than lifesize.

Featuring demonic pacts, rape, incest, and such props as the Wandering Jew, ruined castles, and the Spanish Inquisition, The Monk serves more or less as a compendium of Gothic taste.

A smaller number of legions meant less secure borders and eventually raids from the Germanic and Gothic tribes against the Rhine and the Danube became more frequent.

Robert Farrar Capon suggests that Hollandaise is " not one bit less a marvel than the Gothic arch, the computer chip, or a Bach Fugue.

Vertical siding may have a cover over the joint: board and batten, popular in American wooden Carpenter Gothic houses ; or less commonly behind the joint — batten and board.

Bell Gothic was designed to be highly legible at small sizes, economical in its use of space ( and hence paper ), and reproduce well on uncoated, absorbent paper newsprint stock under less than optimal conditions.

What are unaccountably somewhat less famous are the great, still complete palladian and rococo country houses which can be favourably compared to anything similar in northern Europe, and the country's many mighty Gothic and neo-Gothic cathedrals and buildings.

While its ethos shared much with the Gothic revival, its preoccupations were less religious and were connected with romantic socialism and a distaste for industrialisation and urban life.

On most versions of the album, the live version is listed in Gothic script as " Einmal Belsen war vortrefflich " and Biggs ' version is " Einmal Belsen war wirklich vortrefflich "; these grammatically erroneous German titles translate more or less as " Once, Belsen was brilliant " and " Once, Belsen was really brilliant ".

A rear view of the church is much less successful, revealing an awkward congeries of various extensions over the centuries, mostly of the Gothic period.

The east front of the main apartments retain Holland's work a rare example of him using Gothic Revival architecture and the neoclassical style Drawing Room being the only significant interior to survive more or less as Holland designed it.

Proto-Germanic and its early descendant Gothic still allowed more or less the full complement of vowels and diphthongs to appear in unstressed syllables, except notably short / e /, which merged with / i /.

Yet, in recent years, it has emerged that the characters are less make-believe than listeners thought and are based on real people, and their real lives, which she revealed in an interview with the music website Stereogum. com Her links to American Gothic are reinforced by " Annabelle Lee ," the last song on her debut album, Ballads of Living and Dying, which puts the poem of the same title by Edgar Allan Poe to a musical backing.

While Belisarius was in favour of reducing the strong Gothic garrison of Auximum ( modern Osimo ) in their rear and relieving the siege of Mediolanum ( see below ), Narses favoured a less concentrated effort, including a campaign in Aemilia.

Melville Castle is a three-storey Gothic castellated mansion situated less than a mile ( 2 km ) west-south-west of Dalkeith, Midlothian, near the North Esk.

( Even for such critical activities as architecture, there are few if any master-plans for structures like the pyramids, the Gothic cathedrals or urbanism, not to mention the less complex private houses.

In Scotland and the north of England, where the Gothic Revival was less strong, architects continued to develop the neoclassical style of William Henry Playfair.