Image: Tophigout. JPG | Gout complicated by ruptured tophi ( exudate tested positive for uric acid crystals )

Gout | The Gout ( 1799 )

Gout ( also known as podagra when it involves the big toe ) is a medical condition usually characterized by recurrent attacks of acute inflammatory arthritis — a red, tender, hot, swollen joint.

Gout can present in a number of ways, although the most usual is a recurrent attack of acute inflammatory arthritis ( a red, tender, hot, swollen joint ).

Gout on X-rays of a left foot: The typical location is the big toe joint.

Gout is essentially a disorder caused by precipitation of uric acid crystals in the joint.

Gout often presents with pain and tenderness at the base of the big toe.

* " Dialogue Between Franklin and the Gout " Creative Commons audio recording.

He had recovered from the attack of Gout, however the disease proved intractable, and he continued to be subject to attacks of growing intensity at frequent intervals until the close of his life.

Gout occurs less than would statistically be expected in people with MS, and low levels of uric acid have been found in people with MS as compared to normal individuals.

Gout has increased in frequency in recent decades, affecting about 1-2 % of the Western population at some point in their lives.

Gout frequently occurs in combination with other medical problems.

Gout is a disorder of purine metabolism, and occurs when its final metabolite, uric acid, crystallizes in the form of monosodium urate, precipitating in joints, on tendons, and in the surrounding tissues.

Gout may be diagnosed and treated without further investigations in someone with hyperuricemia and the classic podagra.

Gout may be secondary to sleep apnea via the release of purines from oxygen-starved cells.

Gout affects around 1 – 2 % of the Western population at some point in their lifetimes, and is becoming more common.

Gout has, however, been known since antiquity.

Gout is rare in most other animals due to their ability to produce uricase, which breaks down uric acid.

In his private life he was a tender husband, a loving father, a sincere friend, and a most agreeable companion ; nor could the most poignant pains of Gout, which he for many years laboured under, ever ruffle or discompose his evenness of temper.

Carl Stamitz was born at Mannheim precisely at the moment when the Mannheimers began their comet-like ascent and the " Mannheim Gout " (“ taste ”) was causing a sensation all over Europe.

* James Parkinson publishes Observations on the Nature and Cure of the Gout.

Non-medication treatments for hyperuricemia include a low purine diet ( see Gout ) and a variety of dietary supplements.

* Gout may be worsened by diuretics, while losartan reduces serum urate.

When the bridge was restored in 1879, the architect Paul Gout made reference to this by placing a small sculpture of the devil at the summit of one of the towers.

* Gout, Alan.

Among his more professional works are " On the Treatment of Diphtheria by Frequent Small Doses of Sulphur ," " On the Treatment of Gout by Salicylate of Potash " and the like.

A page from a copy of Bede's Lives of St. Cuthbert, showing Athelstan of England | King Athelstan presenting the work to the saint.

Hannah ( Bible ) | Hannah presenting Samuel ( Biblical figure ) | Samuel to Eli ( Bible ) | Eli, by Jan Victors, 1645.

Vulcan ( mythology ) | Vulcan ( Roman counterpart of Hephaestus ) presenting the arms of Achilles to Thetis.

Image: President Reagan presents Mother Teresa with the Medal of Freedom 1985. jpg | President Ronald Reagan presenting Mother Teresa with the Presidential Medal of Freedom at a White House ceremony in 1985

File: Barack Obama speaks to Stephen Hawking. jpg | President Barack Obama talks with Stephen Hawking in the Blue Room of the White House before a ceremony presenting him and 15 others the Presidential Medal of Freedom, August 12, 2009.

Gerbrand van den Eeckhout-Hannah ( Bible ) | Hannah presenting her son Samuel to the priest Eli ( bible ) | Eli ca. 1665

< center > 1914 advertisement in Jane's Fighting Ships | Jane's presenting Vickers broad naval capabilities </ center >

The left panel of the Wilton Diptych, where Edward ( centre ), with Edmund the Martyr ( left ) and John the Baptist, are depicted presenting Richard II of England | Richard II to the heavenly host.

The Portuguese People | Portuguese presenting themselves before the Manikongo.

Investiture scene: Anahita on the left as the patron yazata of the Sassanian dynasty behind Emperor Khosrau II | Khosrau Parviz with Ahura Mazda presenting the diadem of sovereignty on the right.

An illumination of Stephen Harding ( right ) presenting a model of his church to the Blessed Virgin Mary ( Roman Catholic ) | Blessed Virgin Mary ( Municipal Library, Dijon ).

Æthelstan presenting a book to Cuthbert of Lindisfarne | St Cuthbert ( 934 ), chief saint of the English far north ; the earliest surviving royal Anglo-Saxon portrait ( Corpus Christi MS 183, fol.

Image: ParapetFragment-NefertitiPresentsMaatToAten BrooklynMuseum. png | Nefertiti presenting an image of the goddess Maat to the Aten, Brooklyn Museum.

Ecce Homo (" Behold the Man "), Antonio Ciseri's depiction of Pilate presenting a scourged Jesus to the people of Jerusalem in Christianity | Jerusalem.

Lord Clark in the library at Osterley Park, presenting the BBC TV series Civilisation ( TV series ) | Civilisation

Oaks ( far right ) with President of the Church | LDS Church President Thomas S. Monson ( left ) and President of the United States | U. S. President Barack Obama ( center ) in the Oval Office on 20 July 2009, presenting a personal volume of President Obama's family history as a gift from the The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints | LDS Church.

Of the five figures standing in the center of John Trumbull | John Trumbull's Declaration of Independence, Robert Livingston is depicted in the center of the Committee of Five presenting the draft Declaration to the Second Continental Congress.

Khalilzad presenting President George W. Bush a ballot from the Afghan presidential election, 2004 | first democratic election in Afghanistan on October 18, 2004.

An antigen is ingested and processed by an antigen presenting cell | APC.