Grand Pensionary Johan van Oldenbarnevelt offered to only suspend trade with the West in exchange for the Twelve Years ' Truce.

William had been trying to influence English politics for well over a year, letting Grand Pensionary Gaspar Fagel publish an open letter to the English people in November 1687 deploring the religious policy of James, which action had generally been interpreted as a covert bid for kingship.

* April 29 – Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck is appointed as Grand Pensionary of the Batavian Republic by Napoleon.

* February 16 – Dutch Grand Pensionary advisor Johan de Witt marries Wendela Bicker.

* August 20 – Johan de Witt, Grand Pensionary of Holland, is slaughtered by a mob in The Hague.

Gaspar Fagel replaced De Witt as Grand Pensionary, and was more friendly to William's interests.

Johan de Witt had been unable to function as Grand Pensionary after having been wounded by an attempt on his life on 21 June.

This perceived obduracy led to the eventual demise of the Republic when the short-lived experiment with the ( again authoritarian ) regime of " Grand Pensionary " Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck produced insufficient docility in the eyes of Napoleon.

Most Patriots went into exile in France, while the Ancien Régime strengthened its grip on the government through the Orangist Grand Pensionary Laurens Pieter van de Spiegel.

Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck as Grand Pensionary

On May 10, 1805, Schimmelpenninck was therefore inaugurated as Raadpensionaris ( Grand Pensionary ) of the Batavian Republic.

The States of Holland sent their highest official, the Grand Pensionary Adriaan Pauw to London in a last desperate attempt to prevent war, but in vain: English demands had become so extreme that no self-respecting state could meet them.

This clause, overtly a demand by Cromwell fearing the Orangists, was perhaps inserted on the covert wishes of the leading Dutch politicians, the new Grand Pensionary, the young republican Johan de Witt, and his uncle Cornelis de Graeff.

The leading Dutch politician, the Grand Pensionary of Holland Johan de Witt, quickly restored confidence by joining the fleet personally.

Among the letters given to the Grand Pensionary, by mistake was included one containing the secret English instructions to their contacts in the Orange party, outlining plans for an overthrow of the States regime.

While publicly trying to appease tensions between France and the Republic, making ambassador William Temple avow friendship to Grand Pensionary Johan de Witt, he secretly schemed to seduce Louis to a campaign against the Dutch.

De Witt had had to resign from his function of Grand Pensionary after he had been wounded by an attempt on his life in June.

However, Tromp's death was a severe blow to the Dutch – few now expected to beat the English ; the Orangist faction lost political influence and Grand Pensionary Johan de Witt was willing to give formal treaty assurances to Cromwell that the infant William III of Orange would never become stadtholder, thus turning the Netherlands into a base for a Stuart restoration.

The story begins with a historical event — the 1672 lynching of the Dutch Grand Pensionary ( roughly equivalent to a modern Prime Minister ) Johan de Witt and his brother Cornelis, by a wild mob of their own countrymen — considered by many as one of the most painful episodes in Dutch history, described by Dumas with a dramatic intensity.

Johan de Witt, his brother, Grand Pensionary of Holland.

The influential Grand Pensionary Johan de Witt suggested that the Spanish Netherlands be mutually divided.

* Andries de Witt ( 1573 – 1637 ), Grand Pensionary of Holland

* Johan de Witt ( 1625 – 1672 ), Grand Pensionary of Holland

" I cannot express to you ," wrote William to the Grand Pensionary Anthonie Heinsius in the Dutch Republic, " how distressed I am at the disasters of the fleet ; I am so much the more deeply affected as I have been informed that my ships did not properly support those of the Estates, and left them in the lurch.

The Holland leadership was emasculated by making sure that the position of Grand Pensionary would henceforth be filled by a succession of mediocre, incompetent and pliable Orangists, at least up to the appointment of Johan de Witt in 1653

In 1625 he published what seemed an innocent study from the antique, his tragedy of Palamedes, or Murdered Innocence, but which was a thinly veiled tribute to Johan van Oldebarnevelt, the Republic's Grand Pensionary, who had been executed in 1618 by order of stadtholder Maurice of Nassau.

Consequently, the city of Pori was founded to the coast by Johan, Grand Duke of Finland in 1558.

The mastermind behind the plan was the leading Dutch politician Grand Pensionary Johan de Witt.

De Ruyter was accompanied by the representative of the States-General of the Netherlands, Cornelis de Witt ( the brother of Grand Pensionary Johan de Witt ) who bravely remained seated on the main deck, although half of his guard of honour standing next to him was killed or wounded.

As a result the cities of the remaining coastal provinces of Holland, Zealand and Frisia panicked and the city governments were taken over by Orangists, opposed to the republican regime of the Grand Pensionary Johan de Witt.

Johan de Witt was appointed Grand Pensionary of Holland and led the States of Holland, the most important province within the Union.

Obdam, who first received very complicated written instructions from Grand Pensionary Johan de Witt and went so far as to request them again " in three words ", summed up his mission in a single sentence: " Save Copenhagen and punch anyone in the face who tries to prevent it ".

* Johan Esmer-The then Grand Theogonist of Sigmar, did not have a special character and did not get much attention throughout the campaign, but was central in its opening phases.

Prince John Constantinovich of Russia () ( 5 July 1886 – 18 July 1918 ), sometimes also known as Prince Ioann, Prince Ivan or Prince Johan, was the eldest son of Grand Duke Constantine Constantinovich of Russia by his wife Elisaveta Mavrikievna, née Princess Elisabeth of Saxe-Altenburg.

The most famous and most significant Grand Pensionary was Johan de Witt, who held the office between 1653 and 1672.

* 1810 – Napoleonic Wars: The French Navy defeats the British Royal Navy, preventing them from taking the harbour of Grand Port on Île de France.

* 1642 – Cosimo III de ' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany ( d. 1723 )

Portrait of Grand Duchess Bianca Capello de Medici, by Allori, Dallas Museum of Art

* 1789 – Stéphanie de Beauharnais, French wife of Charles, Grand Duke of Baden ( d. 1860 )

This resulted in two of his most original operas being consigned to his desk drawer, namely Cublai, gran kan de ' Tartari ( Kublai Grand Kahn of Tartary ) a satire on the autocracy and court intrigues at the court of the Russian Czarina, Catherine the Great, and Catilina ( Cataline ) a semi-comic-semi-tragic account of the Catiline conspiracy that attempted to overthrow the Roman republic during the consulship of Cicero.

* 1574 – Cosimo I de ' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany ( b. 1519 )

Its roots lay in the arts and crafts school founded by the Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach in 1906 and directed by Belgian Art Nouveau architect Henry van de Velde.

The main building of the Bauhaus-University Weimar ( built 1904 – 1911, designed by Henry van de Velde to house the sculptors ’ studio at the Grand Ducal Saxon Art School.

Grand Bayonne is the commercial and civic hub, with small pedestrianised streets packed with shops, plus the cathedral and Hôtel de Ville.

They range from the one-day road race, criterium, and time trial to multi-stage events like the Tour de France and its sister events which make up cycling's Grand Tours.

An example from the later Middle Ages is Dieudonné de Gozon, third Grand Master of the Knights of Rhodes, famous for slaying the dragon of Malpasso.

Other opponents included Grand Master's proctor Peter Wormditt, Dominic of San Gimignano, John Urbach, Ardecino de Porta of Novara, and Bishop of Ciudad Rodrigo Andrew Escobar.

In 1716 Cosimo III de ' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany issued an edict legislating that the three villages of the Lega del Chianti as well as the village of Greve and a 2 mile ( 3 km ) hillside north of Greve near Spedaluzza as the only officially recognized producers of Chianti.

In 1716 Cosimo III de ' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany issued an edict legislating that the three villages of the Lega del Chianti ( Castellina in Chianti, Gaiole in Chianti, and Radda in Chianti ) as well as the village of Greve and a 2-mile ( 3-km ) stretch of hillside north of Greve near Spedaluzzo as the only officially recognized producers of Chianti.

Vittoria, last descendant of the della Rovere family ( she was the only child of Federico Ubaldo ), married Ferdinando II de ' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany.

Indeed, many years after St. Dominic reacted to the Cathars, the first Grand Inquistor of Spain, Tomás de Torquemada, would be drawn from the Dominican order.

The Monaco Grand Prix () is a Formula One motor race held each year on the Circuit de Monaco.

The principality's first Grand Prix was organised in 1929 by Anthony Noghès, under the auspices of Prince Louis II, through the Automobile Club de Monaco ( ACM ).

The first Grand Prix Automobile de Monaco was an invitation only event, but not all of those invited decided to attend.

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The Medici reigned Grand Dukes of Tuscany starting with Cosimo I de ' Medici in 1569, until the death of Gian Gastone de ' Medici in 1737.

The Swiss theatre company, Compagnie Pied de Biche revisits the Grand Guignol genre in contemporary contexts since 2008.

* Compagnie Pied de Biche-Swiss-based theatre company that revisits the Grand Guignol genre in contemporary contexts.

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