Although amaranth was cultivated on a large scale in ancient Mexico, Guatemala, and Peru, nowadays it is only cultivated on a small scale there, along with India, China, Nepal, and other tropical countries ; thus, there is potential for further cultivation in those countries, as well as in the U. S. In a 1977 article in Science, amaranth was described as " the crop of the future.

ARIN formerly covered Argentina, Aruba, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Dutch West Indies, Ecuador, El Salvador, Falkland Islands ( UK ), French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, and Venezuela until LACNIC was formed.

Ethnographical fieldwork was carried out in places as diverse as New Guinea, Madagascar, Romania, Guatemala and Indonesia and there were excavations in the Near East, Egypt, Sudan and the UK.

The closest rival to Angkor, the Mayan city of Tikal in Guatemala, was between in total size.

During most of the colonial period, Costa Rica was the southernmost province of the Captaincy General of Guatemala, which was nominally part of the Viceroyalty of New Spain ( i. e., Mexico ), but which in practice operated as a largely autonomous entity within the Spanish Empire.

This union consisted of the present day nations of Guatemala ( which included the former state of Los Altos ), El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica ( which included a region which is now part of Panama, and the Guanacaste Province which was once part of Nicaragua ), and Soconusco, a portion of the modern Mexican state of Chiapas.

Belize was contested between the Spanish Empire and the British Empire, a dispute that continued after the independence of Guatemala, who considered Belize to be a Guatemalan department.

* The flag of Argentina, created by Manuel Belgrano during the war of independence, was the inspiration for the United Provinces of Central America's flag, which in turn was the origin for the flags of Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, and Nicaragua.

The center of Kaminaljuyu was located a short distance from the oldest part of Guatemala City.

In Spanish colonial times, Guatemala City was a small town.

The capital of the Spanish Captaincy General of Guatemala, covering most of modern Central America, was moved here after a series of earthquakes — the Santa Marta earthquakes that started on July 29, 1773 — destroyed the old capital, Antigua Guatemala.

Guatemala City was the scene of the declaration of independence of Central America from Spain, and became the capital of the United Provinces of Central America in 1821.

Guatemala City was announced in November 2007 to host the 2008 edition of the CONCACAF Futsal Championship, played at the Domo Polideportivo from June 2 to June 8, 2008.

This hole, which is classified by geologists as either a " piping feature " or " piping pseudokarst ", was deep, and apparently was created by fluid from a sewer eroding uncemented volcanic ash and other pyroclastic deposits underlying Guatemala City.

It was not only the Greeks and Romans that produced graffiti: the Mayan site of Tikal in Guatemala also contains ancient examples.

The Guatemalan region of Mesoamerica was dominated by the Maya civilization ( 2, 000 BC – AD 250 ), before the Spanish arrived in the 16th century ; although most of the great, Classic-era ( AD 250 – 900 ) Maya cities of the Petén Basin region, in the northern lowlands of Guatemala, had been abandoned by the year AD 1, 000 ; however, the states in the Guatemalan central highlands, flourished until the arrival of Pedro de Alvarado, the Spanish Conquistador who began subjugating the Indian states of Guatemala in 1525.

Conquered Guatemala was part of the Spanish Empire for approximately 300 years, when it became independent in 1821, when it was part of the Mexican Empire ( 1821 – 23 ) until becoming fully independent in the 1840s.

Second-in-command to Hernan Cortes, Pedro de Alvarado was sent to the Guatemala highlands with 300 Spanish foot soldiers, 120 Spanish horsemen and several hundred Cholula and Tlascala auxiliaries.

In September, 1960 he joined a group of Cuban exiles in Guatemala, supported by the CIA, to receive military training.

Guatemala did in fact receive funds that had already been appropriated for that year, and later turned to other nations, such as Israel, Spain, Belgium, Sweden, Taiwan, and Yugoslavia for military aid and arms supplies.

On 1 July 2006, the Central American Free Trade Agreement ( CAFTA ) entered into force between the US and Guatemala and has since spurred increased investment in the export sector.

Guatemala has become the world's biggest producer and exporter of cardamom, with an export total of US $ 137. 2 million for 2007.

Moreover the Spanish Crown banned the export of Peruvian wine to Panamá and Guatemala in 1614 and 1615 respectively.

Repeated pirate raids on coastal towns along the Caribbean coast of Central America led the Spanish Crown as early as 1590 to begin looking for a new defensible port for the Captaincy General of Guatemala to export its goods to Spain.

Moreover the Spanish Crown banned the export of Peruvian wine to Panamá and Guatemala in 1614 and 1615 respectively.

Costa Rica's distance from the capital in Guatemala, its legal prohibition under Spanish law to trade with its southern neighbors in Panama, then part of the Viceroyalty of New Granada ( i. e., Colombia ), and the lack of resources such as gold and silver, made Costa Rica into a poor, isolated, and sparsely inhabited region within the Spanish Empire.

El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua also are negotiating a free trade agreement with Canada, and negotiations started on 2006 for a free trade agreement with Colombia.

In September 1996, El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras opened free trade talks with Mexico.

Guatemala participates in several regional groups, particularly those related to the environment and trade.

Guatemala is a transit country for cocaine shipments ; minor producer of illicit opium poppy and cannabis for the international drug trade ; active eradication program in 1996 effectively eliminated the cannabis crop ; proximity to Mexico makes Guatemala a major staging area for drugs ( cocaine shipments ).

Honduran domestic manufacturers also suffered from increased Central American competition resulting from a trade liberalization pact signed in May 1991 by Honduras, El Salvador, and Guatemala.

The species was introduced by French Admiral François Alphonse Hamelin to French Polynesia from the Philippines, where it was introduced from Guatemala by the Manila Galleon trade.

José Francisco Morazán Quezada was born on October 3, 1792, in Tegucigalpa ( then in the Captaincy General of Guatemala, now the capital of Honduras ) during the waning years of Spanish colonial rule to Eusebio Morazán Alemán and Guadalupe Quezada Borjas, both members of an upper-class Creole family dedicated to trade and agriculture.

Although the viceroy's attempts were not 100 % effective, they were effective enough that Mexico City merchants lost control of the Pacific trade, which fell under the control of contrabandists operating from the smaller ports in Guatemala and Nicaragua.

Hence, the US State Department reduced economic aid to and commercial trade with Guatemala, which harmed the Guatemalan national economy, because 85 per cent of exports were sold to the US, and 85 per cent of imports were bought from the US.

* Stephen Schlesinger, Stephen Kinzer, John H. Coatsworth, Richard A. Nuccio ( Introduction ); Bitter Fruit: The Story of the American Coup in Guatemala Revised and Expanded edition, David Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies ( December 30, 2005 ), trade paperback, 358 pages, ISBN 067401930X, ISBN 978-0674019300

In 2005, Ten Thousand Villages released " The Power of Trading Fairly ," a DVD highlighting artisan partners from Bangladesh, Guatemala and Kenya, and how their lives have been improved by fair trade.

Some examples of political action programs were the prevention of the Italian Communist Party ( PCI ) from winning elections between 1948 and the late 1960s ; overthrowing the governments of Iran in 1953, and Guatemala in 1954 ; arming rebels in Indonesia in 1957 ; and providing funds and support to the trade union federation Solidarity following the imposition of martial law in Poland after 1981.

The Canada Central American Free Trade Agreement was a proposed free trade agreement between Canada and the Central American states of Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, and Nicaragua, collectively referred to as the CA4.

The party gained political presence in the trade union movement through the Federación Autónoma Sindical de Guatemala ( FASGUA ) and JPT was one of the forces working with the Association of University Students ( AEU ).

In addition to the axes, there are also more than three thousand pieces made of jade, river pearls, obsidian and amber, from areas as far away as Guatemala and the Valley of Mexico, showing trade networks.