They were popular throughout Europe during the Middle Ages, for example with the poet and composer Guillaume de Machaut.

Others who were either killed or captured at the actual Battle were as follows: King Jean II ; Prince Philip ( youngest son and progenitor of the House of Valois-Burgundy ), Geoffroi de Charny, carrier of the Oriflamme, Peter I, Duke of Bourbon, Walter VI, Count of Brienne and Constable of France, Jean de Clermont, Marshal of France, Arnoul d ' Audrehem, the Count of Eu, the Count of Marche and Ponthieu Jacques de Bourbon taken prisoner at the Battle and died 1361, the Count of Étampes, the Count of Tancarville, the Count of Dammartin, the Count of Joinville, Guillaume de Melun, Archbishop of Sens.

* Guillaume de Melun, Archbishop of Sens, captured

These reformed French Breviaries — e. g. the Paris Breviary of 1680 by Archbishop François de Harlay ( 1625 – 1695 ) and that of 1736 by Archbishop Charles Gaspard Guillaume de Vintimille ( 1655 – 1746 )— show a deep knowledge of Holy Scripture, and much careful adaptation of different texts.

Guillaume Dubois and André-Hercule de Fleury complete the list of the " four great " cardinals to have ruled France.

Often, the criteria had moral bases, such as in the case of Pierre de La Primaudaye's L ' Académie française and Guillaume Telin's Bref sommaire des sept vertus & c .. Encyclopaedists encountered several problems with this approach, including how to decide what to omit as unnecessary, how to structure knowledge that resisted structure ( often simply as a consequence of the sheer amount of material that deserved inclusion ), and how to cope with the influx of newly discovered knowledge and the effects that it had on prior structures.

Contemporaneously to English Gothic, parallel Romantic literary movements developed in continental Europe: the roman noir (" black novel ") in France, by such writers as François Guillaume Ducray-Duminil, Gaston Leroux, Baculard d ' Arnaud, and Stéphanie Félicité Ducrest de St-Albin, Madame de Genlis and the Schauerroman (" shudder novel ") in Germany by such writers as Friedrich Schiller, author of The Ghost-Seer ( 1789 ) and Christian Heinrich Spiess, author of Das Petermännchen ( 1791 / 92 ).

In 1553, Calvin's front man, Guillaume de Trie, sent letters trying to address the French Inquisition to Servetus.

Henry, Amalric, Otton, and Jean escaped, as did a young Templar named Roger de Flor, but most of the other defenders did not, including the master of the Templars Guillaume de Beaujeu.

Guillaume de l ' Hôpital, after whom this rule is named

The rule is named after the 17th-century French mathematician Guillaume de l ' Hôpital, who published the rule in his book Analyse des Infiniment Petits pour l ' Intelligence des Lignes Courbes ( literal translation: Analysis of the Infinitely Small for the Understanding of Curved Lines ) ( 1696 ), the first textbook on differential calculus.

His work was published posthumously by his pupil, Guillaume de Morlaye ( born c. 1510 ), who, however, did not pick up the complex polyphony of de Rippe.

Philippe de Vitry was one of the earliest composers to use this technique, and his work evidently had an influence on that of Guillaume de Machaut, one of the most famous named composers of late medieval motets.

* Guillaume de Machaut

Lower Ontario in 1718, Guillaume de L ' Isle map, approximate province area highlighted.

Nevertheless, on 7 June 1304, Benedict excommunicated Philip IV's implacable minister Guillaume de Nogaret and all the Italians who had played a part in the seizure of Boniface VIII at Anagni.

In response, Guillaume de Nogaret, Philip's chief minister, denounced Boniface as a heretical criminal to the French clergy.

* March – Guillaume de Nogaret, councillor and keeper of the seal to Philip IV of France

* Guillaume de Nogaret, keeper of the seal to King Philip IV of France ( year very uncertain ) ( d. 1313 )

The faculty numbered among its illustrious pupils of law Petrarch, who spent four years at Montpellier, and among its lecturers Guillaume de Nogaret, chancellor to Philip the Fair, Guillaume de Grimoard, afterwards pope under the name of Urban V, and Pedro de Luna, antipope as Benedict XIII.

On 7 September 1303, the king's advisor Guillaume de Nogaret and Sciarra Colonna led a band of two thousand mercenaries on horse and foot.

His successor Pope Benedict XI did not last long, dying in less than a year, possibly poisoned via Philip's councillor Guillaume de Nogaret.

Boniface's successor, Pope Benedict XI, lasted less than a year before he too died, possibly poisoned by Philip's agent Guillaume de Nogaret.

On 7 September 1303, the king's advisor Guillaume de Nogaret led a band of two thousand mercenaries on horse and foot.

* 1307 – 1310: Guillaume de Nogaret, knight

* 1311 – 1313: Guillaume de Nogaret

Sciarrillo Colonna and Guillaume de Nogaret ( lawyer and royal advisor of Philip IV ) were to arrest the pope and bring him to France to stand trial, but this attempt failed.

In better days, among Montpellier's illustrious pupils of law were Petrarch, who spent four years at Montpellier, and among its lecturers were William of Nogaret, chancellor to Philip IV, Guillaume de Grimoard, afterwards Pope Urban V, and Pedro de Luna, afterwards antipope Benedict XIII.

* Guillaume de Nogaret

Guillaume de Nogaret or William of Nogaret ( 1260, Saint-Félix-Lauragais, Haute-Garonne – 1313 ) was councillor and keeper of the seal to Philip IV of France.

" On March 12 a solemn royal assembly was held in the Louvre, at which Guillaume de Nogaret read a long series of accusations against Boniface and demanded the calling of a general council to try him.

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# REDIRECT Guillaume de Nogaret

He once again used his disreputable agents Guillaume de Nogaret and Enguerrand de Marigny to invent a list of charges of heresy and round up the usual witnesses.

In spite of the armistice negotiated by Amadee two years earlier, the war between Bishop Guillaume of Lausanne and Louis of Savoy was still going on, and although little is known about it, that little proves that it was yet another phase of the struggle against French expansion and was closely interwoven with the larger conflict.

" Critics believed that An American in Paris was better crafted than his lukewarm Concerto in F. Some did not think it belonged in a program with classical composers César Franck, Richard Wagner, or Guillaume Lekeu on its premiere.

The question whether there is a limit to the degree of cold possible, and, if so, where the zero must be placed, was first addressed by the French physicist Guillaume Amontons in 1702, in connection with his improvements in the air thermometer.

His father died when he was two years old and he remained under the guardianship of his cousin, Guillaume Jourdain, count of Cerdagne ( d. 1109 ), until he was five.

The rear division of the line was under the command of Contre-Admiral Pierre-Charles Villeneuve in Guillaume Tell.

The last known Cathar perfectus in the Languedoc, Guillaume Bélibaste, was executed in 1321.

The most well known French chef of the Middle Ages was Guillaume Tirel, also known as Taillevent.

Guillaume Tell was a political epic adapted from Schiller ’ s play ( 1804 ) about the 13th-century Swiss patriot who rallied his country against the Austrians.

This rock was chosen by General Guillaume Henri Dufour as the reference point for surveying in Switzerland.

In February 1915, Vilbrun Guillaume Sam established a dictatorship, but in July, facing a new revolt, he massacred 167 political prisoners, all of whom were from elite families, and was lynched by a mob in Port-au-Prince.

This was the period in which he met the poet Guillaume Apollinaire, artists Pablo Picasso and Amedeo Modigliani, and numerous other writers and artists with whom he later collaborated.

It is believed that one of the last known bons hommes, Guillaume Belibaste, was burned in 1321.

Guillaume Dufay was a transitional figure in this regard ; he wrote one of the last important motets in the medieval, isorhythmic style, Nuper rosarum flores ( 1436 ), written to commemorate the completion of Filippo Brunelleschi's dome in the Cathedral of Florence.

He was expelled shortly afterwards by the university's procurator, Guillaume Rondelet, when it was discovered that he had been an apothecary, a " manual trade " expressly banned by the university statutes, and had been slandering doctors.

Rossini's Guillaume Tell helped found the new genre of Grand Opera, a form whose most famous exponent was another foreigner, Giacomo Meyerbeer.

It is notable that he does not adopt Guillaume de Nogaret's aspersion that Boniface VIII was a ' sodomite ', however, and does not assign him to that circle of hell ( albeit that Simony was placed in the eighth circle of Fraud below Sodomy in the seventh circle of Violence, designating it as a worse offense and taking precedence above activities of sodomy ).

The word surrealist was coined by Guillaume Apollinaire and first appeared in the preface to his play Les Mamelles de Tirésias, which was written in 1903 and first performed in 1917.