Guy Fawkes ( 13 April 1570 – 31 January 1606 ), also known as Guido Fawkes, the name he adopted while fighting for the Spanish in the Low Countries, was a member of a group of provincial English Catholics who planned the failed Gunpowder Plot of 1605.

Gunpowder, also known since the late 19th century as black powder, was the first chemical explosive and the only one known until the mid-1800s.

Gunpowder was, according to prevailing academic consensus, discovered in the 9th century in China, attributed to Chinese alchemists searching for an elixir of immortality.

Gunpowder was widely used to fill artillery shells and in mining and civil engineering to blast rock roughly until the second half of the 19th century, when the first high explosives ( nitro-explosives ) were discovered.

Gunpowder was invented, documented, and used in China where the Chinese military forces used gunpowder-based weapons technology ( i. e. rockets, guns, cannon ) and explosives ( i. e. grenades and different types of bombs ) against the Mongols when the Mongols attempted to invade and breach the Chinese city fortifications on the northern borders of China.

After he discovered that France was not self-sufficient in gunpowder, a Gunpowder Administration was established ; to head it, the lawyer Antoine Lavoisier was appointed.

Gunpowder was also being made or stored at other Royal castles, such as Portchester.

The last remaining gunpowder mill at the Royal Gunpowder Factory, Waltham Abbey was damaged by a German parachute mine in 1941 and it never reopened.

Garnet's meeting with Catesby, at which the former was said to have absolved the latter of any blame in the plot, was proof enough that the Jesuits were central to the conspiracy ; according to Coke the Gunpowder Plot would always be known as the Jesuit Treason.

Interest in the demonic was heightened by the Gunpowder Plot.

The Gunpowder Plot was commemorated for years by special sermons and other public acts, such as the ringing of church bells.

The Popish Plot of 1678 sparked renewed interest in the Gunpowder Plot, resulting in a book by Thomas Barlow, Bishop of Lincoln, which refuted " a bold and groundless surmise that all this was a contrivance of Secretary Cecil ".

In 1897 Father John Gerard of Stonyhurst College, namesake of John Gerard ( who, following the plot's discovery, had evaded capture ), wrote an account called What was the Gunpowder Plot ?, alleging Salisbury's culpability.

In the 2005 ITV programme The Gunpowder Plot: Exploding The Legend, a full-size replica of the House of Lords was built and destroyed with barrels of gunpowder.

Gunpowder was needed for the tin mines and granite quarries then in operation on the moor.

Following the discovery of the Gunpowder Plot Andrewes was asked to prepare a sermon to be presented to the king in 1606 ( Sermons Preached upon the V of November, in Lancelot Andrewes, XCVI Sermons, 3rd.

In 1609 he published Tortura Torti, a learned work which grew out of the Gunpowder Plot controversy and was written in answer to Bellarmine's Matthaeus Tortus, which attacked James I's book on the oath of allegiance.

In 1605 a medal was struck commemorating the King ’ s escape from the Gunpowder Plot that pictured a serpent among flowers. Macbeth cannot be dated precisely, owing to significant evidence of later revisions.

The vast majority of critics think the play was written in 1606 in the aftermath of the Gunpowder Plot because of possible internal allusions to the 1605 plot and its ensuing trials.

Gunpowder eventually was to provoke even more significant changes.

Scholars contend that Macbeth is one of the most overwhelming pieces of evidence against the Oxfordian position ; the vast majority of critics believe the play was written in the aftermath of the Gunpowder Plot.

Gunpowder ( black powder ) as described in this article is not normally used in modern firearms — which instead use smokeless powders.

Gunpowder is no longer used in modern explosive military warheads, nor is it used as main explosive in mining operations due to its cost relative to that of newer alternatives such as ammonium nitrate / fuel oil ( ANFO ).

The playwright William Shakespeare had already used the family history of Northumberland's family in his Henry IV series of plays, and the events of the Gunpowder Plot seem to have featured alongside the earlier Gowrie conspiracy in Macbeth, written some time between 1603 and 1607.

Staff slings were in use well into the Age of Gunpowder, as grenade launchers ; and were used in ship-to-ship combat to throw incendiaries as well.

In the autumn of the same year he was appointed to preach in St Mary's on the anniversary of the Gunpowder Plot, and apparently used the occasion to clear himself of a suspicion, which, however, haunted him through life, of a secret leaning to the Roman Catholic position.

Gunpowder cans were used to hold human waste that would fill up and ' run all over our beds where prisoners were shackled hand and foot for the night '.

* Gunpowder, the explosive powder used as a propellant

The term " little England " predates its political usage ; the expression " this little England " was used in the Gunpowder Day sermon of the English Puritan preacher Thomas Hooker ( 5 November 1626 ).

* Gunpowder or " black powder " is a propellant used in early firearms ; smokeless powders are a more modern propellant used in newer firearms

It is a source of Potassium nitrate which can be used for making crackers and Gunpowder, in match and sugar industry and as fertilizer

Gunpowder arrived in India by the mid-14th century, but could have been introduced by the Mongols perhaps as early as the mid-13th century.

Gunpowder and early modernity in Europe led to the integration of territorial states and increasing mercantilism.

In the early 17th century, Monteagle Farm was one of the minor properties of the ' discoverer ' of the Gunpowder Plot, Lord Monteagle.

With the closure of the Gunpowder Mills in the early 1900s, Ballincollig became little more than a small village on the road from Cork city to the larger market town of Macroom.

Gunpowder production in Britain appears to have started in the mid 14th century AD with the aim of supplying The English Crown.

In the late 17th century Josias moved from Chilworth to Carshalton to run a Gunpowder Mill on the River Wandle and decided to make his home nearby at the lodge.

Gunpowder manufacture on an industrial scale started in the area in the 18th century, on a site between Twickenham and Whitton on the banks of the River Crane.

The factory was sold to the government in 1787 and was greatly expanded during the next century, becoming the Waltham Abbey Royal Gunpowder Mills.

Gunpowder was discovered in the 9th century by Chinese alchemists searching for an elixir of immortality.

Gunpowder tea production dates back to the Tang Dynasty ( 618 – 907 ) but it was first introduced to Taiwan in the 19th century.