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Guthrum ’ s death created a power vacuum which would stir up other power – hungry warlords eager to take his place in the following years.
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Guthrum and ’
By its terms the boundary between Alfred ’ s and Guthrum ’ s kingdoms was to run up the River Thames, to the River Lea ; follow the Lea to its source ( near Luton ); from there extend in a straight line to Bedford ; and from Bedford follow the River Ouse to Watling Street.
In other words, Alfred succeeded to Ceolwulf ’ s kingdom, consisting of western Mercia ; and Guthrum incorporated the eastern part of Mercia into an enlarged kingdom of East Anglia ( henceforward known as the Danelaw ).
With the signing of the Treaty of Alfred and Guthrum, an event most commonly held to have taken place around 880 when Guthrum ’ s people began settling East Anglia, Guthrum was neutralised as a threat.
One year later Guthrum, or Athelstan by his baptismal name, Alfred ’ s former enemy and king of East Anglia, died and was buried in Hadleigh, Suffolk.
Guthrum ’ s passing marked a change in the political sphere Alfred dealt with.
During Ivar ’ s campaign against Mercia he died and was succeeded by Guthrum the Old as the main protagonist in the Danes ’ drive to conquer England.
Another Danish army landed in south Wales and moved south with the intent of intercepting Alfred should he flee from Guthrum ’ s forces.
The Danes were defeated and retreated to Chippenham, where the English pursued and laid siege to Guthrum ’ s forces.
According to the historian Asser, Guthrum ’ s initial battle with Alfred resulted in a victory, as he was able to capture “ the castellum ” as well as the ancient square earthworks known as the “ Wareham ” where a convent of nuns existed.
At the Battle of Edington, Guthrum ’ s entire army was routed by Alfred's and fled to their encampment where they were besieged by Alfred's fyrd for two weeks.
According to the Anglo Saxon Chronicle, Guthrum ’ s army was able to negotiate a peace treaty known as the Treaty of Wedmore.
Politically, of course, Guthrum ’ s conversion to Christianity did nothing to loosen the Danish hold on the lands that Guthrum had already acquired via conquest.
By adopting the Christian name of Æthelstan, which was also the name of Alfred ’ s eldest brother, Guthrum ’ s conversion " reassured " his newly acquired subjects that they would continue to be ruled by a Christian king rather than a heathen chieftain.
Guthrum and created
Danelaw is also used to describe the set of legal terms and definitions created in the treaties between the English king, Alfred the Great, and the Danish warlord, Guthrum, written following Guthrum's defeat at the Battle of Edington in 878.
Guthrum and power
The Danelaw represented a consolidation of power for Alfred ; the subsequent conversion of Guthrum to Christianity underlines the ideological significance of this shift in the balance of power.
York's importance as the seat of Northumbria was confirmed when the Scandinavian warlord, Guthrum, headed for East Anglia, while Halfdan Ragnarsson seized power in AD 875.
Guthrum and which
The " unbinding of the chrism " took place with great ceremony eight days later at the royal estate at Wedmore in Somerset, after which Guthrum fulfilled his promise to leave Wessex.
Among these was a raid taking place in Kent, an allied country in Southeast England, during the year 885, which was quite possibly the largest raid since the battles with Guthrum.
This invasion was achieved by a huge military force known as the Great Heathen Army which was supposedly led by Ivar the Boneless, Halfdan Ragnarsson and Guthrum.
These wars were a prelude to the long struggle of the Saxons of Alfred the Great against the Danes a generation later, which also included the leader named Guthrum, all of whom founded the Danelaw.
Alfred demanded as a term of the surrender that Guthrum become baptised as a Christian, which Guthrum agreed to do, with Alfred acting as his Godfather.
This led to the Treaty of Alfred and Guthrum, which established the boundaries of the Danelaw and allowed for Danish self-rule in the region.
Guthrum sailed his army around Poole Harbour and linked up with another Viking army that was invading the area between the Frome and Trent rivers which was ruled by Alfred.
At Exeter, which Guthrum had also captured, Alfred made a peace treaty with the result that Guthrum left Wessex to winter in Gloucester.
According to Asser, in his Life of Alfred, the Vikings gave Alfred peace hostages, and " swore in addition that they would leave his kingdom immediately, and Guthrum, their king, promised to accept Christianity and to receive baptism at King Alfred's hand ; all of which he and his men fulfilled as they had promised.
He wrote the Canons of Edgar and The Law of Edward and Guthrum which date before 1008.
Their agreement survives in the Treaty of Alfred and Guthrum which establishes the Danelaw's extent.
The font is a simple limestone bowl, less than a metre tall, which is thought to be Saxon in origin, one of only three in England and was possibly the one used for the baptism of Guthrum after his defeat by King Alfred The Great after the Battle of Ethandun in 878.
There followed a peace treaty between Alfred and Guthrum, which had a variety of provisions, including defining the boundaries of the area to be ruled by the Danes ( which became known as the Danelaw ) and those of Wessex.
Guthrum and would
:“ Then the raiding army granted him ( Alfred ) hostages and great oaths that they would leave his kingdom and also promised him that their king ( Guthrum ) would receive baptism ; and they fulfilled it.
After two weeks, the hungry Danes sued for peace, giving Alfred " preliminary hostages and solemn oaths that they would leave his kingdom immediately ", just as usual, but in addition promising that Guthrum would be baptized.
Guthrum and up
Over the next few months he built up his force and waged a guerrilla war against Guthrum from his fastness in the fens.
Guthrum and other
Although it's unknown how Guthrum consolidated his rule as king over the other Danish chieftains of the Danelaw ( Danish ruled territory of England ), what is known is that by 874 he was able to wage a war against Wessex and its King, Alfred.
Guthrum, with two other unnamed kings, " departed for Cambridge in East Anglia ".
In addition, in 875 Guthrum had lost the support of other Danish lords, including Ivar and Ubbe.
The Law of Edward and Guthrum, on the other hand, is an ecclesiastical law handbook.
Guthrum and –
* Between May 6 and May 12 – Battle of Ethandun ( probably either at Edington, Somerset, or Edington, Wiltshire ): Alfred the Great of Wessex defeats the Danes of the Danelaw under Guthrum.
Guthrum and place
By 876, Guthrum had been able to acquire various parts of the kingdoms of Mercia and Northumbria and then turn his attention to acquiring Wessex, where his first confrontation with Alfred took place on the south coast.
Guthrum and following
The following year the Great Heathen Army led by the Brothers Ivar the Boneless, Halfdan and Ubbe Ragnarsson, and also by another Viking Guthrum, arrived in East Anglia.
Guthrum and years
Two years later, Guthrum again attacked Alfred, surprising him by attacking his forces wintering in Chippenham.
Guthrum and .
In 876 under their new leader, Guthrum, the Danes slipped past the English army and attacked and occupied Wareham in Dorset.
One of the terms of the surrender was that Guthrum convert to Christianity ; and three weeks later the Danish king and 29 of his chief men were baptised at Alfred's court at Aller, near Athelney, with Alfred receiving Guthrum as his spiritual son.
There is no contemporary evidence that Alfred and Guthrum agreed upon a formal treaty at this time ; the so-called Treaty of Wedmore is an invention of modern historians.
The Treaty of Alfred and Guthrum, preserved in Old English in Corpus Christi College, Cambridge ( Manuscript 383 ), and in a Latin compilation known as Quadripartitus, was negotiated later, perhaps in 879 or 880, when King Ceolwulf II of Mercia was deposed.
After the signing of the treaty with Guthrum, Alfred was spared any large-scale conflicts for some time.
And although the landowners were obliged to the king to supply these men when called, during the attacks in 878, many of them opportunistically abandoned their king and collaborated with Guthrum.
Sometime between 878 and 886, the territory was formally ceded by Wessex to the Danelaw kingdom of East Anglia, under the Treaty of Alfred and Guthrum.
* Guthrum, coloniser of Danelaw.
* 878: Battle of Ethandun results in the victory of Alfred the Great over the Danish warlord Guthrum.
In 886, the Treaty of Alfred and Guthrum was formalised, defining the boundaries of their kingdoms, with provisions for peaceful relations between the English and the Vikings.
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