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Hīnayāna ( ह ी नय ा न ) is a Sanskrit and Pāli term literally meaning: the " Inferior Vehicle ", " Deficient Vehicle ", the " Abandoned Vehicle ", or the " Defective Vehicle ".
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Hīnayāna and ह
The word Hīnayāna is formed of hīna ( ह ी न ): " poor ", " inferior "," abandoned ", " deficient ", " defective ;" and yāna ( य ा न ): " vehicle ", where " vehicle " means " a way of going to enlightenment ".
Hīnayāna and is
Hīnayāna is contrasted with Mahāyāna, which means the " Great Vehicle.
According to Jan Nattier, it is most likely that the term Hīnayāna post-dates the term Mahāyāna, and was only added at a later date due to antagonism and conflict between bodhisattvas and śrāvakas.
The earliest Mahāyāna texts often use the term Mahāyāna as an epithet and synonym for Bodhisattvayāna, but the term Hīnayāna is comparatively rare in early texts, and is usually not found at all in the earliest translations.
Although the 18-20 early schools of Buddhism are sometimes loosely classified as Hīnayāna in modern times, this is not necessarily accurate.
Explaining their doctrinal affiliations, he then writes, " Which of the four schools should be grouped with the Mahāyāna or with the Hīnayāna is not determined.
" That is to say, there was no simple correspondence between a Buddhist school and whether its members learn " Hīnayāna " or " Mahāyāna " teachings.
Instead, what is demonstrated in the definition of Hīnayāna given by Yijing, is that the term referred to individuals based on doctrinal differences with the Mahāyāna tradition.
Today there is no Hīnayāna sect in existence anywhere in the world.
This is the brief history of Theravāda, Mahayāna and Hīnayāna.
The term is currently most often used as a way of describing a stage on the path in Tibetan Buddhism, but is often mistakenly confused with the contemporary Theravāda tradition, which is far more complex, diversified and profound, than the literal and limiting definition attributed to Hīnayāna.
The following lists the twenty sects described as Hīnayāna, as the classification is understood in some Mahāyāna texts:
Although the various early schools of Buddhism are sometimes loosely classified as " Hīnayāna " in modern times, this is not necessarily accurate.
Explaining their doctrinal affiliations, he then writes, " Which of the four schools should be grouped with the Mahāyāna or with the Hīnayāna is not determined.
" That is to say, there was no simple correspondence between a Buddhist school and whether its members learn " Hīnayāna " or " Mahāyāna " teachings.
Hīnayāna and term
" There are a variety of interpretations as to who or what the term " Hīnayāna " refers to.
It was only later, after attitudes toward the bodhisattvas and their teachings had become more critical, that the term Hīnayāna was created as a back-formation, contrasting with the already-established term Mahāyāna.
Additionally, Isabella Onians notes that Mahāyāna works rarely used the term Hīnayāna, typically using the term Śrāvakayāna instead.
Hīnayāna and literally
; " Hīnayāna ": literally meaning " lesser vehicle.
Hīnayāna and ".
He refers to the monks of the Mahavihara as the " Hīnayāna Sthaviras " ( Theras ), and the monks of the Abhayagiri Vihara as the " Mahāyāna Sthaviras ".
ह and ी
new: एन ् ड ी व ा र ् ह ो ल
hi: द ् व ी पसम ू ह
mr: द ् व ी पसम ू ह
mr: आग े न ी ल ् स ब ो ह ् र
hi: प ी ड ़ा ह ा र ी
/* ॐ म ाँ न ि ष ा द प ् रत ि ष ् ठ ा त ् वमगम ः श ा स ् वत ी सम ः यत ् क ् र ो च म ि थ ु न ा द े वकमवध ी क ा मम ो ह ि त ं*/
mr: बड ी ह ॉ ल ी
hi: म ां स ा ह ा र ी गण
mr: क ो रल स ा गर ी द ् व ी पसम ू ह
hi: च ी न क ा इत ि ह ा स
ne: म ां स ा ह ा र ी
new: अश ् वर ो ह ी स े न ा
mr: द ौ ग ा व ् ह ा नद ी
hi: ज ी वन क ा इत ि ह ा स
hi: ह े मचन ् द ् र श ् र े ण ी
hi: ग ् र ी न ह ा उस प ् रभ ा व
mr: ज ॉ र ् ज फ ् र ी डर ि क ह ा न ् ड े ल
hi: ह ी र ा ( द े व ी)
ne: ह ी ल ि यम
sa: ह ी ल ि यम ्
hi: ह े न ् र ि क स ीं क ी व ि क ् ज ़
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