In the 1982 novel 2010: Odyssey Two, Arthur C. Clarke's first sequel to 2001: A Space Odyssey, HAL 9000 is described by Dr. Chandra as being caught in a " Hofstadter – Möbius loop ".

In 2061: Odyssey Three, Heywood Floyd is surprised to encounter HAL, now stored alongside Dave Bowman in the Europa monolith.

India delivered HAL Dhruv helicopters and South Africa is about to deliver 12 Atlas Cheetah supersonic-aircraft.

HAL 9000 is a character in Arthur C. Clarke's science fiction Space Odyssey saga.

The primary antagonist in 2001: A Space Odyssey, HAL ( Heuristically programmed ALgorithmic computer ) is an artificial intelligence that controls the systems of the Discovery One spacecraft and interacts with the ship's astronaut crew.

Being a computer, HAL has no distinct physical form, though is visually represented as a red television-camera eye located on equipment panels throughout the ship.

HAL is voiced by Douglas Rain in the two film adaptations of the Space Odyssey saga, and speaks in a soft, calm voice and a conversational manner, in contrast to the crewmen, David Bowman and Frank Poole, who speak tersely and with little emotional inflection.

In addition to maintaining the Discovery One spacecraft systems during the interplanetary mission to Jupiter, HAL is capable of speech, speech recognition, facial recognition, natural language processing, lip reading, art appreciation, interpreting and reproducing emotional behaviours, reasoning, and playing chess.

In the French-language version of 2001: A Space Odyssey, HAL's name is CARL, Cerveau Analytique de Recherche et de Liaison ( Analytic Brain for Research and Communication ), however, the television camera eye plates read " HAL 9000 ".

Although it is often conjectured that the name HAL was based on a one-letter shift from the name IBM, this has been denied by both Clarke and 2001 director Stanley Kubrick.

As is clearly stated in the novel ( Chapter 16 ), HAL stands for Heuristically programmed ALgorithmic computer.

However, about once a week some character spots the fact that HAL is one letter ahead of IBM, and promptly assumes that Stanley and I were taking a crack at the estimable institution ... As it happened, IBM had given us a good deal of help, so we were quite embarrassed by this, and would have changed the name had we spotted the coincidence.

In the followup 1982 novel, 2010: Odyssey Two, and the accompanying 1984 film, 2010, it is revealed that this action was caused by the computer having been programmed with two conflicting objectives: to fully disclose all its information, and to keep the true purpose of the flight secret from the crew ; this conflict caused HAL to become paranoid and eventually homicidal.

Clarke was so impressed by the demonstration that he used it in the climactic scene of his screenplay for his novel 2001: A Space Odyssey, where the HAL 9000 computer sings the same song as it is being put to sleep by astronaut Dave Bowman.

The festival is a direct descendant of a program put on at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 1997 called Cyberfest which used the supposed birthday of HAL ( the computer in the 2001 film ) to highlight the University's involvement in the history of computers and computing.

EarthBound, originally released as in Japan, is a role-playing video game co-developed by Ape and HAL Laboratory and published by Nintendo for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System video game console.

Super Smash Bros., known in Japan as, is a fighting game developed by HAL Laboratory and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo 64.

is the main protagonist of Nintendo's Kirby video game series created by Masahiro Sakurai at HAL Laboratory.

Hindustan Aeronautics Limited () ( HAL ) () based in Bangalore, India, is one of Asia's largest aerospace companies.

HAL built the first military aircraft in South Asia and is currently involved in the design, fabrication and assembly of aircraft, jet engines, and helicopters, as well as their components and spares.

HAL is one of the largest aerospace companies in Asia with its annual turnover to be running above 2 billion.

Below is a partial list of major operations being undertaken by HAL:

* August 19 – Indian Airlines Flight 557, a HAL 748, is damaged beyond repair when it overruns the runway at Mangalore Airport at Mangalore, India, but all 26 people on board – among them Karnataka state and future Indian government official Veerappa Moily – are uninjured.

HAL / S ( High-order Assembly Language / Shuttle ) is a real-time aerospace programming language, best known for its use in the Space Shuttle program.

HAL became operational on 12 January 1992, at the HAL Laboratories in Urbana, Illinois, as production number 3 ; in the film 2001 the activation year was 1992, and 1991 in earlier screenplays.

* In the 1968 novel 2001: A Space Odyssey ( and the corresponding 1968 film ), a spaceship's onboard computer, HAL 9000, attempts to kill all its crew members.

Shortly after the novel was released, Tom Hanks expressed great interest in producing a film adaptation, with himself cast in the role of Floyd, and Keir Dullea and Douglas Rain reprising their roles as David Bowman and HAL 9000.

Its name comes from the HAL 9000 computer in the film 2001: A Space Odyssey.

A team of scientists develop a laser satellite-controlling computer system called MAAX ( Meteoroid and Asteroid Exploder ) to destroy the meteoroid ; however, MAAX develops a personality of its own ( in an obvious parody of the sentient computer HAL from the film and novel 2001: A Space Odyssey ) and refuses to save the planet unless Earth's scientists can solve seven science riddles.

The plot of “ House of Whacks ” is based on the science-fiction film 2001: A Space Odyssey by Stanley Kubrick, with Ultrahouse acting as a reference to HAL 9000, the antagonist of the film.

" The line, as well as the Navi-Tron Auto-Drive System's, is a reference to HAL 9000, the antagonist in the 1968 science fiction film 2001: A Space Odyssey.

The Love-matic Grampa machine singing " Daisy Bell " in a distorted manner when its electrical circuits are failing is a reference to HAL from the 1968 film 2001: A Space Odyssey.

The film version of the novel drops his Indian heritage and changes his institutional affiliation to the University of Chicago but retains his emotional ties with HAL.

The story is a close adaptation of the events of the film, but differs in the fact that Kirby incorporated additional dialog from two other sources: the Clarke / Kubrick novel, and a copy of an earlier draft script of the film that included the more colloquial-sounding version of HAL 9000, as originally voiced by actor Martin Balsam before Douglas Rain took over.

Because of this, a convincing villain must be given a characterization that makes his or her or its ( see HAL 9000 ) motive for doing wrong convincing, as well as being a worthy adversary to the hero.

GameSpot named SHODAN one of the ten best computer game villains and one of the best female characters in gaming, compared her to HAL 9000, though noting that unlike Hal, SHODAN was unquestionably aware of her actions and the consequences of them, describing her as an unforgettable villain due to her personality and adding " is more believable than most game characters are, and in many ways, she actually seems more human.

Of note is the fact that AI pioneer Marvin Minsky was a consultant on the project of making HAL 9000 as realistic as possible according to the consensus predictions of the time ; Crevier quotes him as having said on the subject in 1967, " Within a generation ... the problem of creating ' artificial intelligence ' will substantially be solved ,", although Minsky states that he was misquoted.

For his work theater directing, Lange received the NAACP's Renaissance Man Theatre Award, the Heroes and Legends HAL Lifetime Achievement Award, and the Dramalogue Award.

He has to interact with both a human crewmate and an intelligent supercomputer named HAL 9000.

The HAL 9000 computer utility suffers an apparent malfunction which leads to the death of all humans on board except David Bowman.

As the Starchild's transformation of Jupiter occurs ( it becomes engulfed with monoliths ), the crew of the Leonov make good their exit, and Bowman gives one last message via HAL, warning the human race not to attempt future contact with Europa, where the new mini-sun has melted the oceans and ushered in a new era of evolution.

In 3001: The Final Odyssey, we meet the merged forms of Dave Bowman and HAL.

The two have merged into one entity called " Halman " after Bowman rescued HAL from the dying Discovery One spaceship towards the end of 2010: Odyssey Two.

Galileos attitude control system software was written in the HAL / S programming language, also used in the Space Shuttle program.

In March 1990 two radar equipped Dornier / HAL Do 228-101s were ordered to form a maritime surveillance element by July 1991.