The character entity references,, and are predefined in HTML and SGML, because,, and are already used to delimit markup.

A Document Type Definition ( DTD ) is a set of markup declarations that define a document type for an SGML-family markup language ( SGML, XML, HTML ).

DTDs persist in applications which need special publishing characters such as the XML and HTML Character Entity References, which were derived from the larger sets defined as part of the ISO SGML standard effort.

All HTML 4. 01 documents conform to one of three SGML DTDs.

However, the SGML concept of generalized markup is based on elements ( nested annotated ranges with attributes ) rather than merely print effects, with also the separation of structure and processing ; HTML has been progressively moved in this direction with CSS.

Berners-Lee considered HTML to be an application of SGML.

It was formally defined as such by the Internet Engineering Task Force ( IETF ) with the mid-1993 publication of the first proposal for an HTML specification: " Hypertext Markup Language ( HTML )" Internet-Draft by Berners-Lee and Dan Connolly, which included an SGML Document Type Definition to define the grammar.

HTML 4 is an SGML application conforming to ISO 8879 – SGML.

In the electronic document world, languages were being developed to represent the structure of documents, such as SGML ( from which HTML descended ) and later XML.

HTML, which is an instance of SGML ( though, strictly, it does not comply with all the rules of SGML ), follows many of the markup conventions used in the publishing industry in the communication of printed work between authors, editors, and printers.

Scribe influenced the development of Generalized Markup Language ( later SGML ) and is a direct ancestor to HTML and LaTeX.

The situation changed when Sir Tim Berners-Lee, learning of SGML from co-worker Anders Berglund and others at CERN, used SGML syntax to create HTML.

By this definition HTML, XML, and even SGML ( apart from its rarely used CONCUR option ) would be disqualified and called " container languages " instead.

Since January 2000 all W3C Recommendations for HTML have been based on XML rather than SGML, using the abbreviation XHTML ( Extensible HyperText Markup Language ).

One of the most noticeable differences between HTML and XHTML is the rule that all tags must be closed: empty HTML tags such as < code >< nowiki ></ nowiki ></ code > must either be closed with a regular end-tag, or replaced by a special form: < code >< nowiki > < nowiki >/></ nowiki ></ code > ( the space before the '< code >< nowiki >/</ nowiki ></ code >' on the end tag is optional, but frequently used because it enables some pre-XML Web browsers, and SGML parsers, to accept the tag ).

* Markup language ( e. g., SGML, XML, HTML )

For instance, Rich text such as SGML, RTF, HTML, XML, and TEX relies on plain text.

The usual ( default ) SGML concrete syntax resembles this example, which is the default HTML concrete syntax:

* The SGML Declaration, in SGML and HTML Explained, Martin Bryan ( 1997 )

Since 1996, the HTML specifications have been maintained, with input from commercial software vendors, by the World Wide Web Consortium ( W3C ).

Various wiki software have slightly different conventions for formatting, usually simpler than HTML.

Present HTML and HTTP do not have this feature, but certain systems on the World Wide Web ( such as WikiWiki and Everything Engine ) may have limited versions of the capability.

Some markup languages, such as HTML, have presentation semantics, meaning that their specification prescribes how the structured data are to be presented, but other markup languages, like XML, have no predefined semantics.

The sets used by HTML and XHTML / XML are slightly different, but these differences have little effect on the average document author.

Consequently many HTML authors are unaware of encoding issues and may not have any idea what encoding their documents actually use.

Dynamic HTML also provides for user interactivity and realtime element updating within web pages ( i. e., pages don't have to be loaded or reloaded to effect any changes ), mainly using the Document Object Model ( DOM ) and JavaScript, support which is built-in to most modern web browsers.

A web designer will also have a working knowledge of using a variety of languages such as HTML, CSS, JavaScript, PHP and Flash to create a site, although the extent of their knowledge will differ from one web designer to another.

Curl applications are not required to observe the separation of information, style, and behavior that HTML, Cascading Style Sheets ( CSS ), and JavaScript have imposed, although that style of programming can be used in Curl if desired.

On-line help systems integrated in applications have largely moved from using custom formats to using standard HTML displayed with a web browser engine.

Because small devices such as cellular phones have hardware restrictions such as lower memory, low-power CPUs with limited or no storage capabilities, small monochrome display screens, single-character fonts and restricted input methods ( the absence of a keyboard or a mouse ), there is a need for a simpler form of HTML.

This type of computer programming is an important part of the Dynamic HTML ( DHTML ) concept, enabling web pages to be scripted ; that is, to have different and changing content depending on user input, environmental conditions ( such as the time of day ), or other variables.

The HTML 4. 01 specification reserves a syntax for the " future support of script macros " in HTML attributes, but they have not been incorporated into later standards and are not supported by any current browser.

Tags which are part of the Exif 2. 2 specification ( Tag ID's beginning with " I ") have an underlined Tag Name in the HTML version of this documentation.

Unlike most browsers, Dillo does not have a quirks mode to improve compatibility with web pages that use invalid HTML.

Server side image maps have been largely replaced by client side image maps, which were introduced in HTML 3. 2 and do not require executing separate processes on the server.

Some Web pages also have colophons, which frequently contain ( X ) HTML, CSS, or usability standards compliance information and links to Web site validation tests.

Spam messages have contained attacks upon security vulnerabilities in the HTML renderer, using these holes to install spyware.

Mail clients which do not automatically download and display HTML, images or attachments, have fewer risks, as do clients who have been configured to not display these by default.

* The rarer minus-plus sign () is not generally found in legacy encodings and does not have a named HTML entity but is available in Unicode with codepoint U + 2213 and so can be used in HTML using or.

When an HTML document includes special characters outside the range of seven-bit ASCII two goals are worth considering: the information's integrity, and universal browser display.

( Available for free in two formats: HTML and downloadable PDF )

Most commonly, multipart / alternative is used for email with two parts, one plain text ( text / plain ) and one HTML ( text / html ).

The meta element has two uses: either to emulate the use of the HTTP response header, or to embed additional metadata within the HTML document.

The formatting of the sig block is prescribed somewhat more firmly: it should be displayed as plain text in a fixed-width font ( no HTML, images, or other rich text ), and must be delimited from the body of the message by a single line consisting of exactly two hyphens, followed by a space, followed by the end of line ( i. e., ).

Depending on the board's capabilities, signatures may range from a simple line or two of text to an elaborately-constructed HTML piece.

VBScript can be included in two other types of scripting files: Windows Script Files, and HTML Applications.

The first two installments are generally available only as HTML, while the last includes all formats supported.

HTML5 adds two new tags to the HTML standard: < video > and < audio > for direct embedding of video and audio content into a web page.

For Ruby, many shell programming languages, and some forms of HTML formatting, two spaces per indent level is generally used.

* Full text online at ibiblio. org ( All six volumes, including the first two originally by Sir John Kaye, in HTML form, complete, chapter-by-chapter, with all illustrations, footnotes and a combined index )

For example, in a two person team, one developer may focus on the technologies sent to the client such as HTML, JavaScript, CSS, and on the server-side frameworks ( such as Perl, Python, Ruby, PHP, Java, ASP,. NET,. NET MVC ) used to deliver content and scripts to the client.

Shift JIS can be and is used for HTML since the important start and end of HTML tags and fields, <, >, /, " appear as themselves only, not as a part of a two byte sequence.

Simple links connect only two resources, similar to HTML links.

For example, a " table " element could be defined in a new namespace with new semantics different from the HTML " table " element and the browser will be able to differentiate between the two.

: In HTML, there are two types of hyphens: the plain hyphen and the soft hyphen.

The site had begun in 1991 and served Phish fans for nearly two decades as static HTML pages.

There are two different kinds of table cells in HTML: normal table cells and header cells.

JDiff is a Javadoc doclets which generates an HTML report of all the packages, classes, constructors, methods, and fields which have been removed, added or changed in any way, including their documentation, when two Java APIs are compared.

Lissa's HTML help forum currently has over 75, 000 members, but due to a hard drive failure with site backups that occurred in August 2007, was offline for almost two years.

A typical and simple implementation of this type of bar will include two web based programming languages: HTML and CSS.

The structure and appearance of a web page is described by a combination of two standardized languages: HTML, a markup language designed for web use, which describes the structure and content of the page, and CSS, a generalized stylesheet language, which specifies how the page should be rendered in various media ( visual styles for screen display, print styles to use when printing the page, aural styles to use when the page is read aloud by a screen reader, etc .).

HTML De Mohrenschildt's 118-page Warren Commission testimony, taken over two days, provides a great deal of biographical information on him, starting from earliest memories and aided in specifics and dates by many public documents available to the commission.