Abdur Rahman died on October 1, 1901, being succeeded by his son Habibullah Khan.

His two eldest sons, Habibullah Khan and Nasrullah Khan, were born at Samarkand.

* Chronology: the reigns of Abdur Rahman Khan and Habibullah, 1881 – 1919

The clearest manifestation that Abdur Rahman had established control in Afghanistan was the peaceful succession of his eldest son, Habibullah Khan, to the throne on his father's death in October 1901.

Habibullah Khan, eldest son of Abur Rahman Khan, in 1893.

King Habibullah Khan in 1907

Amanullah Khan | King Amanullah, third son of Habibullah Khan.

On 20 February 1919, Habibullah Khan was assassinated on a hunting trip.

However, his rule was short lived and, on 17 October 1929, Habibullah Kalakani was overthrown and replaced by King Nadir Khan.

Prince Mohammed Nadir Khan, cousin of Amanullah Khan, in turn defeated and executed Habibullah Kalakani in early November 1929.

In 1929 Ammanullah Khan left Kabul due to a local uprising orchestrated by Habibullah Kalakani and Ammanullah's brother, Nader Khan, took control over the nation.

* Habibia High School, a British-Afghan school founded in 1903 by King Habibullah Khan.

King of Afghanistan | King Habibullah Khan with the military men of Afghanistan in early 1900s.

Religious leaders, who had gained influence under Habibullah Khan, were unhappy with Amānullāh's extensive religious reforms.

However the efforts failed and the Afghan Amir Habibullah Khan maintained Afghanistan's neutrality throughout World War I ( for more information see ).

The Third Anglo-Afghan War of 1919 was precipitated by the assassination of the then ruler Habibullah Khan.

Interestingly, the ADC to Justice Khan Habibullah Khan, while he was Chief Minister / Leader of the House of West Pakistan, was his son, a senior bureaucrat, Captain ( r ) Akhtar Munir Marwat and Captain ( r ) Gohar Ayub Khan was to his father, President Field Marshal Ayub Khan.

Under the strong rule of Abdur Rahman these outlying territories were closely welded to Kabul ; but after the accession of Habibullah the bonds once more relaxed.

Although Abdur Rahman had fathered many children, he groomed Habibullah to succeed him, and he made it difficult for his other sons to contest the succession by keeping power from them and sequestering them in Kabul under his control.

Although made secure in his position as ruler by virtue of support from the army which was created by his father, Habibullah was not as domineering as Abdur Rahman.

In the early modern period under the rule of the Amirs Abdur Rahman ( 1880-1901 ) and Habibullah ( 1901-1919 ), a great deal of Afghan commerce was centrally controlled by the Afghan government.

Habibullah, Abdur Rahman's son and successor, was assassinated in 1919, possibly by family members opposed to British influence.

The end of the Second Afghan War in 1880 marked the beginning of almost 40 years of reasonably good relations between Britain and Afghanistan under the leadership of Abdur Rahman Khan and Habibullah Khan, during which time the British attempted to manage Afghan foreign policy through the payment of a large subsidy.

On October 3, 1901 Nasrullah's father Abdur Rahman died, aged 57, and Nasrullah's brother Habibullah peacefully ascended the throne of Afghanistan by right of primogeniture.

Habibullah Khan's position has been much strengthened by the marriages his father made for him with the families of the leading chiefs.

His eldest son, Habibullah Khan, succeeds to the throne with an absence of disturbance or even excitement that is almost unexpected.

This resulted in a power struggle as Habibullah ’ s brother Nasrullah Khan proclaimed himself as Habibullah's successor, while in Kabul, Amanullah, Habibullah's third son, had also proclaimed himself Amir.

He was the son of former Afghan King, Habibullah Khan.

He was the third son of the Amir Habibullah Khan.

Upon receiving the news, Amanullah Khan, third son of Habibullah by Habibullah's first wife, immediately seized control of the treasury at Kabul and staged a coup.

By contrast, Nasrullah's younger brother Mohammed Omar Jar, and Mohammed's mother the Queen Dowager Bibi Hallima, both of whom were powerful political forces potentially of danger to Habibullah, were kept by Habibullah as " practically state prisoners " confined in private quarters under the guise of protection by a strong detachment of the Imperial Bodyguard ( Mohammed Omar Jar having been stripped of his own personal bodyguard – and state positions – by Habibullah in 1904 ).

Nadir Shah assumed the throne after the execution of Habibullah Ghazi on 10 October 1929.

Habibullah Ghazi fled Kabul but was later captured in Kohistan, and executed on November 3, 1929.

His brother, Habibullah Khan, on the other hand, is immensely popular with everybody, and is in high favour with the amir.

Further negotiations were scheduled, though, but before they could begin Habibullah was assassinated on 19 February 1919.

Habibullah was assassinated while on a hunting trip at Laghman Province on February 20, 1919.

Inayatullah's response was that he had never sought nor wished to be king and agreed to abdicate and proclaim Habibullah Kalakani as king on January 18, 1929.

Consequently, on April 12, 1911, Nawab Sahib arranged a meeting of like minded people in Peshawar at the residence of Abdul Karim, contractor at Peshawar city, which was attended by Arbab Ghulam Haider Khan of Tehkal, Habibullah Khan, Khushal Khan, Sethi Karim Bakhsh, Sir Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum and others.

Mullah Habibullah was an Afghan who died while in US custody on December 4, 2002.

Habibullah died on December 4, 2002.

James P. Boland saw Mr. Habibullah on Dec. 3, he was in one of the isolation cells, tethered to the ceiling by two sets of handcuffs and a chain around his waist.

They reached Kabul on 2 October and were greeted by Habibullah.

The level of influence Nasrullah enjoyed led Angus Hamilton in his 1910 book Afghanistan to describe Habibullah as a " weak-willed " ruler, and the possibility of Nasrullah making an attempt on the throne caused Hamilton to describe him as a " stormy petrel in the Afghan sea of domestic politics ".

In February 1919, Emir Habibullah Khan went on a hunting trip to Afghanistan's Laghman Province.