Aelia Capitolina (; Latin in full: Colonia Aelia Capitolina ) was a city built by the emperor Hadrian, and occupied by a Roman colony, on the site of Jerusalem, which was in ruins since 70 AD, leading in part to the Bar Kokhba revolt of 132 – 136.

Adjacent to the Forum, at the junction of the same cardo, and the other decumanus, Hadrian built a large temple to the goddess Venus, which later became the Church of the Holy Sepulchre ; despite 11th century destruction, which resulted in the modern Church having a much smaller footprint, several boundary walls of Hadrian's temple have been found among the archaeological remains beneath the Church.

Other scholars conclude that the Abomination of Desolation refers to the Crucifixion, an attempt by the emperor Hadrian to erect a statue to Jupiter in the Jewish temple, or an attempt by Caligula to have a statue depicting him as Zeus built in the temple.

Eusebius claims, in his Life of Constantine, that the site of the Church had originally been a Christian place of veneration, but that Hadrian had deliberately covered these Christian sites with earth, and built his own temple on top, due to his hatred for Christianity.

When Hadrian reached Britannia on his famous tour of the Roman provinces around 120, he directed an extensive defensive wall, known to posterity as Hadrian's Wall, to be built close to the line of the Stanegate frontier.

In Rome, the Pantheon, originally built by Agrippa but destroyed by fire in 80, was rebuilt under Hadrian in the domed form it retains to this day.

The last straw was a series of laws enacted by the Roman Emperor Hadrian, including an attempt to prevent Jews from living in Jerusalem ; a new Roman city, Aelia Capitolina, was to be built in its place.

* A Triumphal Arch for Hadrian is built in Gerasa.

The main structure there surviving to the present day is a granary built during the reign of the Roman emperor Hadrian ( 117 – 138 CE ).

The city of Aelia Capitolina was built in 130 CE by the Roman emperor Hadrian, and occupied by a Roman colony on the site of Jerusalem, which was still in ruins from the First Jewish Revolt in 70 CE.

It is thought that the current structure was originally the Shrine of the Four Nymphs ( Tetranymphon ), a nymphaeum built by Hadrian during the construction of Aelia Capitolina in 135, and mentioned in Byzantine works such as the 7th century Chronicon Paschale ; other nymphaeum built by Hadrian, such as that at Sagalassos, are very similar.

Outside the town, in Santa Maria Capua Vetere, there is the amphitheatre, built in the time of Augustus, restored by Hadrian and dedicated by Antoninus Pius, as the inscription over the main entrance recorded.

Under prudent Emperor Hadrian, the Limes fortification was built that closed the gap between the Rhine and Danube to prevent raids subsequent to uprisings in unstable Outer Germany.

He says, ' They built monuments and temples to their dead as we see up to the present day, such as the one to Antinous, servant to the Emperor Hadrian, in whose honour also games were celebrated, and a city founded bearing his name, and a temple with priests established.

The Emperor Hadrian reinforced a series of pre-existing fortifications and built numerous forts along the Danube to contain the Roxolani threat.

In the south-west corner of the castle is a cylindrical tower named Adrian's Tower from the popular legend that it was built by the Roman Emperor Hadrian.

* Hadrian's Wall: The Roman wall built in Northumberland by order of the Emperor Hadrian.

The most famous and best preserved Roman dome-and the largest-is that of the Pantheon, a temple in Rome built by Emperor Hadrian as part of the Baths of Agrippa.

The 118 km-long Hadrian's Wall ( UK ) was built on the orders of the Emperor Hadrian c. AD 122 at the northernmost limits of the Roman province of Britannia.

Hadrian's Wall was built by the Roman Empire across the width of what is now northern England following a visit by Roman Emperor Hadrian ( AD 76 – 138 ) in AD 122.

In the 2nd century CE, Emperor Hadrian built a grand theater in Neapolis that could seat up to 7, 000 people.

John Francis Wilson thinks it possible to have been a pagan bronze statue whose true identity had been forgotten ; some have thought it to be Aesculapius, the God of healing, but the description of the standing figure and the woman kneeling in supplication is precisely that found on coins depicting the bearded emperor Hadrian reaching out to a female figure symbolizing a province kneeling before him.

In 135 CE, Hadrian is said to have had the Christian site above the Grotto converted into a worship place for Adonis, the Greek pagan god of beauty and desire.

When the Emperor Hadrian threatened to rebuild Jerusalem as a pagan city dedicated to Jupiter, in 132, Aelia Capitolina, some of the leading sages of the Sanhedrin supported a rebellion led by Simon Bar Kosiba ( later known as Bar Kokhba ), who established a short-lived independent state that was conquered by the Romans in 135.

What is today known as the " Old City " was laid out by the Roman Emperor Hadrian in the 2nd century, when he began to rebuild Jerusalem as a pagan city.

He was then quickly restored to his former prestige and reunited with his family ; but when he demonstrated his new faith by refusing to make a pagan sacrifice, the emperor, Hadrian, condemned Eustace, his wife, and his sons to be roasted to death inside a bronze statue of a bull or an ox, in the year AD 118.

Jerusalem was turned into a pagan city called Aelia Capitolina and the Jews were forbidden to live there, and Hadrian changed the country ’ s name from Judea to Syria Palestina.

In 132, the Emperor Hadrian threatened to rebuild Jerusalem as a pagan city dedicated to Jupiter, called Aelia Capitolina.

Further developments occurred in Judaea Province in the year 130, when Emperor Hadrian visited the Eastern Mediterranean and, according to Cassius Dio, made the decision to rebuild the city of Jerusalem as the pagan Roman city of Aelia Capitolina, derived from his own name.

He acquired much favor with the Emperor Hadrian, who adopted him as his son and successor on 25 February 138, after the death of his first adopted son Lucius Aelius, on the condition that Antoninus would in turn adopt Marcus Annius Verus, the son of his wife's brother, and Lucius, son of Aelius Verus, who afterwards became the emperors Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus.

Lastly, his Mouseion ( a word invoking the Muses ) seems to have contained the narrative of the Contest of Homer and Hesiod, of which the version that has survived is the work of a grammarian in the time of Hadrian, based on Alcidamas.

The Struthion Pool lay in the path of the northern decumanus, so Hadrian placed vaulting over it, added a large pavement on top, and turned it into a secondary Forum ; the pavement can still be seen under the Convent of the Sisters of Zion.

* Pictures of the cave where it is believed by Christians that Jesus was buried and from which it is believed he resurrected and a picture of the remains of the walls of the Temple of Venus previously constructed on that site by the Emperor Hadrian

Aelian's military treatise in fifty-three chapters on the tactics of the Greeks, titled On tactical arrays of the Greeks (), is dedicated to the Emperor Hadrian, though this is probably a mistake for Trajan, and the date 106 has been assigned to it.

Hadrian joined Trajan's expedition against Parthia as a legate on Trajan ’ s staff.

Hadrian did not at first go to Rome — he was busy sorting out the East and suppressing the Jewish revolt that had broken out under Trajan, then moving on to sort out the Danube frontier.

Because Hadrian was not in Rome at the time, he was able to claim that Attianus had acted on his own initiative.

Hadrian wrote poetry in both Latin and Greek ; one of the few surviving examples is a Latin poem he reportedly composed on his deathbed ( see below ).

" It was so large that the bulkiest man could walk through the eye of each horse, yet because of the extreme height of the foundation persons passing along on the ground below believe that the horses themselves as well as Hadrian are very very small.

In 131, the Emperor Hadrian renamed Jerusalem " Aelia Capitolina " and constructed a Temple of Jupiter on the site of the former Jewish temple.

In 127, at the age of six, Marcus was enrolled in the equestrian order on the recommendation of Emperor Hadrian.

At the same time, the self described “ duke ” Exhilaratus and his son Hadrian rebelled in Naples, sided with the emperor and marched on Rome in order to kill Gregory, but were overthrown by the people and killed.

Following the reigns of Marinus, Pope Hadrian III ( 884 – 885 ) and Pope Stephen V ( 885 – 891 ), Formosus was elected Pope on 6 October 891.

* Emperor Hadrian fixes the border between Roman Britain and Caledonia on a line running from the River Tyne to the Solway Firth.

* Hadrian, acting on the advice of his proconsul of Asia, Minucius Fundanus, determines that Christians shall not be put to death without a trial.

* c. 130 – 138 – Hadrian Hunting Boar and Sacrificing to Apollo, sculptural reliefs on the Arch of Constantine, Rome, are made.

* Emperor Hadrian builds the city Aelia Capitolina on the location of Jerusalem.

* Construction begins on the Mausoleum of Hadrian in Rome, today known as Castel Sant ' Angelo.