When the site was excavated by Soviet archaeologists during 1941-45, they realized that they had discovered a building absolutely unique for the area: a large ( 1500 square meters ) Chinese-style, likely Han Dynasty era ( 206 BCE – 220 CE ) palace.

This period was characterized by a gradual decentralization of the state that had existed during the Qin and Han dynasties, and an increase in the power of great families.

In fact, some of them, notably the Qiang and the Xiongnu, had already been allowed to live in the frontier regions within the Great Wall since late Han times.

The Six Dynasties era saw the rise of the Xuanxue philosophical school and the maturation of Chinese Buddhism, which had entered China from India during the Late Han Dynasties.

According to the Han Shu 21a, 973, for the moment of unification the Middle kingdoms had 6 different calendars: those of the mythological progenitors Yellow Emperor ( 黄帝曆 ) and Zhuanxu ( 顓頊曆 ); of the dynasties Xia ( 夏曆 ), Yin ( 殷曆 ), and Zhou ( 周曆 ), and of the Zhou Dynasty state of Lu ( 鲁曆 ).

Lee learns from his Sifu ( teacher ) that Han was also once a Shaolin student, but had been expelled from their order for abusing their code of conduct.

Han demands Williams to tell him who else was outside ( since his ' spy ' Mei Ling had failed to report Lee's nocturnal actions to Han ).

Due to the conflict with Han China, the Northern branch of the Xiongnu had retreated north-westward ; their descendants may have migrated through Eurasia and consequently they may have some degree of cultural and genetic continuity with the Huns.

He also joined another revolutionary organisation, The Society for the Study of Wang Fuzhi ( Chuan-shan Hsüeh-she ) which had been founded by a number of Changsha literati who wished to emulate Wang Fuzhi ( 1619 – 1692 ), a philosopher who had become a symbol of Han resistance to Manchu invasion.

From the middle and late Eastern Han to the early Wei and Jin dynasties, the net growth of ancient Chinese science and technology experienced a peak ( second only to that of the Northern Song dynasty )... Han studies of the Confucian classics, which for a long time had hindered the socialization of science, were declining.

In contrast to the Ming system, however, Qing ethnic policy dictated that appointments were split between Manchu noblemen and Han officials who had passed the highest levels of the state examinations.

From the early Qing Dynasty, the central government was characterized by a system of dual appointments by which each position in the central government had a Manchu and a Han Chinese assigned to it.

Only Manchus belonging to the Upper Three Banners, and selected Han Chinese who had passed the highest level of martial exams were qualified to serve as the emperor's personal bodyguards.

While the Manchus followed the governmental structure of the preceding Ming dynasty, their ethnic policy dictated that appointments were split between Manchu noblemen and Han Chinese officials who had passed the highest levels of the state examinations, and because of the small number of Manchus, this insured that a large fraction of them would be government officials.

Emperor Han Wudi interpreted Sima ’ s defence of Li Ling as an attack on his brother-in-law, who had also fought against the Xiongnu without much success, and sentenced Sima to death.

Three years later editorial page editor William P. Cheshire and four of his staff resigned, charging that, at the explicit direction of Sang Kook Han, a top official of the Unification Church, then-editor Arnaud de Borchgrave had stifled editorial criticism of political repression in South Korea.

Sea-based trade links had existed between China and the Arabian peninsula since the Han Dynasty ( there being trade with the Roman Empire at that time.

His grandfather, Zhang Kan, had been governor of a commandery, and one of the leaders who supported the restoration of the Han Dynasty by Emperor Guangwu ( r. 25 – 57 ), following the death of the usurper Wang Mang and his short-lived Xin Dynasty ( AD 9 – 23 ).

In 112, Zhang was summoned to the court of Emperor An of Han ( r. 106 – 125 ), who had heard of Zhang's expertise in mathematics.

Chinese ceramics | A pottery miniature Chinese palaces | of a palace made during the Han Dynasty ; as a palace attendant, Zhang Heng had personal access to Emperor Shun and the right to escort him

Zhang read many of the great works of history in his day and claimed he had found ten instances where the Records of the Grand Historian by Sima Qian ( 145 – 90 BC ) and the Book of Han by Ban Gu ( AD 32 – 92 ) differed from other ancient texts that were available to him.

** Dutch painter Han van Meegeren is arrested for collaboration with the Nazis, but the paintings he had sold to Hermann Göring ( Koch ) are later found to be his fakes.

The system of Chinese astrology was elaborated during the Zhou dynasty ( 1046 – 256 BC ) and flourished during the Han Dynasty ( 2nd century BC to 2nd century AD ), during which all the familiar elements of traditional Chinese culture – the Yin-Yang philosophy, theory of the 5 elements, Heaven and Earth, Confucian morality – were brought together to formalise the philosophical principles of Chinese medicine and divination, astrology and alchemy.

During the Han Dynasty, Confucianism developed from an ethical system into a political ideology used to legitimize the rule of the political elites.

Following the victory of Han over Chu after the collapse of Qin, Confucius's thoughts received official sanction and were further developed into a system known as Confucianism.

Chiang Kai-shek considered both the Han Chinese and all the minority peoples of China, the Five Races Under One Union, as descendants of Huangdi, the Yellow Emperor and semi mythical founder of the Chinese nation, and belonging to the Chinese Nation Zhonghua Minzu and he introduced this into Kuomintang ideology, which was propagated into the educational system of the Republic of China.

** Han ' gŭl in the McCune – Reischauer system.

The first library classification system was set up during the Han Dynasty.

Han Chinese scholar Liu Xiang established the first library classification system during the Han Dynasty, and the first book notation system.

" As the Qin and Han dynasties developed a meritocratic system in order to maintain power over a large, sprawling empire, it became necessary for the government to maintain a complex network of officials.

After the fall of the Han Dynasty, the nine-rank system was established during the Three Kingdoms period.

Some special cases are the Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macau where the Communist Party does not function at all as part of the governmental system, and the autonomous regions where, following Soviet practice, the chief executive is typically a member of the local ethnic group while the party general secretary is non-local and usually Han Chinese.

Fairness of treatment was also an issue under the apartheid system practised by the Manchu government over the Han Chinese majority.

As Qing power expanded north of the Great Wall in the last years of the Ming Dynasty, the Banner system was expanded by Nurhachi's son and successor Hong Taiji to include mirrored Mongol and Han Banners.

Like virtually all governing institutions in mainland China, the politics of Shanghai is structured in a dual party-government system, in which the Communist Party Chief, officially termed the Communist Party of China Shanghai Municipal Committee Secretary ( currently Yu Zhengsheng ), outranks the Mayor ( currently Han Zheng ).

The Han dynasty retained the basic legal system established under the Qin but modified some of the harsher aspects in line with the Confucian philosophy of social control.

The Japanese term kanji () for the Chinese characters literally means " Han characters " and is the same written term in the Chinese language to refer to the character writing system hanzi ().

Debated during the Warring States Period and forbidden during the short-lived Qin Dynasty, Confucianism was chosen by Emperor Wu of Han for use as a political system to govern the Chinese state.

Having won the support of Confucian scholars who had powered previous Han dynasties ( abandoning the nepotism and corruption of the nine-rank system ), Emperor Wen initiated a series of reforms aimed at strengthening his empire for the wars that would reunify China.

Han farmers also used the pit field system ( aotian 凹田 ) for growing crops, which involved heavily fertilized pits that did not require plows or oxen and could be placed on sloping terrain.

The system was canonized in the Book of Rites, Zhouli, and Yili compendiums of the Han Dynasty ( 206 BC – 220 AD ), thus becoming the heart of the Chinese imperial ideology.

The Song Dynasty supported a widespread postal service that was modeled on the earlier Han Dynasty ( 202 BC – AD 220 ) postal system to provide swift communication throughout the empire.