" Fonda said she had no regrets about the broadcasts she made on Radio Hanoi, something she asked the North Vietnamese to do: " Our government was lying to us and men were dying because of it, and I felt I had to do anything that I could to expose the lies and help end the war.

no: Hanoi Hilton

The extent, however, to which this punishment was perpetrated may be impossible to gauge and while detailed accounts survive regarding how civilians were disemboweled by Viet Cong, the use of this torture appears to have been quite arbitrary and there is no record that such actions were sanctioned by the North Vietnamese government in Hanoi.

There were repeated attempts from 1954 onward to force the North Vietnamese out of Laos but, regardless of any agreements or concessions, Hanoi had no intention of abandoning the country or its Laotian communist allies.

Hanoi had in no way anticipated the political and psychological effect the offensive would have on the leadership and population of the U. S. When the northern leadership saw how the U. S. was reacting to the offensive, they began to propagandize their " victory ".

Cambodian neutrality in the war no longer existed, and China, preoccupied with its Cultural Revolution, did not intercede with Hanoi.

no: Hanoi Rocks

Hanoi, however, wasted no time in making use of what it had gained.

Vietnam did not mobilize its regular divisions, which was ment to protect Hanoi if necessary, and no troops were pulled out of Cambodia during the war.

He demanded to be flown to Hanoi in North Vietnam.

** In Hanoi, North Vietnam, the Politburo approves the final military offensive against South Vietnam.

On 20 December 1960, under instructions from Hanoi, southern communists established the National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam ( NLF ) in order to overthrow the government of the south.

During the war, communists and anti-war spokesmen insisted the Viet Cong was an insurgency indigenous to the South, while the U. S. and South Vietnamese governments portrayed the group as a tool of Hanoi.

Hanoi gave the regroupees military training and sent them back to the South along the Ho Chi Minh trail in the early 1960s.

In March 1956, southern communist leader Lê Duẩn presented a plan to revive the insurgency entitled " The Road to the South " to the other members of the Politburo in Hanoi.

The 1954 Geneva Conference left Vietnam a divided nation, with Hồ Chí Minh's communist government ruling the North from Hanoi and Ngô Đình Diệm's regime, supported by the United States, ruling the South from Saigon ( later Hồ Chí Minh City ).

Territorial disagreements along the border and in the South China Sea that had remained dormant during the Vietnam War were revived at the war's end, and a postwar campaign engineered by Hanoi against the ethnic Chinese Hoa community elicited a strong protest from Beijing.

The seizure of territory within South Vietnam itself allowed Hanoi to extend the trail across the border with Laos and into that country.

In March, General Văn Tiến Dũng launched " Campaign 275 ", the success of which prompted the general to push Hanoi for a final all-out offensive to take all of South Vietnam.

* The recently-built George E. Day Parkway is named for Colonel George E. " Bud " Day, a F-100 Super Sabre pilot who is the only known American POW to escape into South Vietnam, although he was later recaptured and sent to the Hanoi Hilton.

* the Red River ( Yuan or Honghe ) has its source in the mountains south of Dali and enters the South China Sea through Hanoi, Vietnam

By 1966-1967, however, after suffering massive casualties, stalemate on the battlefield, and destruction of the northern economy by U. S. aerial bombing, there was a dawning realization that, if current trends continued, Hanoi would eventually lack the resources necessary to affect the military situation in the South.

Hanoi had announced in October that it would observe a seven-day truce from 27 January to 3 February for the Tet holiday, and the South Vietnamese military made plans to allow recreational leave for approximately half of its forces.

He believed that the troop increase would lead only to a more violent stalemate and sought out others in the administration to assist him in convincing the President to reverse the escalation, to cap force levels at 550, 000 men, to seek negotiations with Hanoi, and turn responsibility for the fighting over to the South Vietnamese.

In response to President Ngo Dinh Diem's abrogation of the 1956 reunification election and suppression of communists during the late 1950s, Hanoi had begun sending arms and material to the guerrillas of the National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam ( NLF ), who were fighting an insurgency to topple the American-supported Saigon government.

*-( a ) n ( countries / continents: Africa → African, Albania → Albanian, Algeria → Algerian, America → American, Andorra → Andorran, Angola → Angolan, Antigua → Antiguan, Armenia → Armenian, Asia → Asian, Australia → Australian, Austria → Austrian, Barbados → Bajan, Bolivia → Bolivian, Bosnia → Bosnian, Brunei → Bruneian, Bulgaria → Bulgarian, Cambodia → Cambodian, Chile → Chilean, Colombia → Colombian, Costa Rica → Costa Rican, Croatia → Croatian ( also " Croat "), Cuba → Cuban, Dalmatia → Dalmatian, El Salvador → Salvadoran, Eritrea → Eritrean, Estonia → Estonian, Ethiopia → Ethiopian, Europe → European, Equestria → Equestrian, Fiji → Fijian, Gambia → Gambian, Georgia → Georgian, Germany → German, Guatemala → Guatemalan, Guinea → Guinean, Haiti → Haitian, Honduras → Honduran, Hungary → Hungarian, India → Indian, Indonesia → Indonesian, Italy → Italian, Jamaica → Jamaican, Kenya → Kenyan, / South Korea → / South Korean, Latvia → Latvian, Liberia → Liberian, Libya → Libyan, Lithuania → Lithuanian, Macedonia → Macedonian, Malawi → Malawian, Malaysia → Malaysian, Mali → Malian, Mauritania → Mauritanian, Mauritius → Mauritian, Mexico → Mexican, Micronesia → Micronesian, Moldova → Moldovan, Mongolia → Mongolian, Morocco → Moroccan, Mozambique → Mozambican, Namibia → Namibian, Nauru → Nauruan, Nicaragua → Nicaraguan, Nigeria → Nigerian, Palau → Palauan, Paraguay → Paraguayan, Puerto Rico → Puerto Rican, Romania → Romanian, Russia → Russian, Saint Lucia → Saint Lucian, Samoa → Samoan, Saudi Arabia → Saudi Arabian, Serbia → Serbian ( also " Serb "), Singapore → Singaporean, Slovakia → Slovakian, Slovenia → Slovenian ( also " Slovene "), South Africa → South African, Sri Lanka → Sri Lankan, Syria → Syrian, Tanzania → Tanzanian, Tonga → Tongan, Tunisia → Tunisian, Tuvalu → Tuvaluan, Uganda → Ugandan, United States of America → American, Uruguay → Uruguayan, Venezuela → Venezuelan, Zambia → Zambian, Zimbabwe → Zimbabwean ; cities / states: Alaska → Alaskan, Alexandria → Alexandrian, Andalusia → Andalusian, Arizona → Arizonan, Atlanta → Atlantan, Baltimore → Baltimorean, Bavaria → Bavarian, Bohemia → Bohemian, California → Californian, Catalonia → Catalan, Chicago → Chicagoan, Cincinnati → Cincinnatian, Corsica → Corsican, Crete → Cretan, El Paso → El Pasoan, Galicia → Galician, Hanoi ( Vietnam ) → Hanoian, Hawaii → Hawaiian, Iowa → Iowan, Karelia → Karelian, Kiev → Kievan, Madeira → Madeiran, Miami → Miamian, Minneapolis → Minneapolitan, Minnesota → Minnesotan, Moravia → Moravian, Nebraska → Nebraskan, Nova Scotia → Nova Scotian, Ottawa → Ottawan, Pennsylvania → Pennsylvanian, Philadelphia → Philadelphian, Pomerania → Pomeranian, Regina → Reginan, Riga → Rigan, Rome → Roman, San Antonio → San Antonian, San Diego → San Diegan, San Francisco → San Franciscan, San Jose → San Josean, Sardinia → Sardinian, Silesia → Silesian, Sicily → Sicilian, Sofia → Sofian, Sumatra → Sumatran, Tahiti → Tahitian, Tasmania → Tasmanian, Transylvania → Transylvanian, Tucson → Tucsonan, Tulsa → Tulsan, Utah → Utahn, Victoria → Victorian, Wallachia → Wallachian )

He travelled to both North and South Vietnam in 1966 to learn first-hand the impact of American bombing and later recalled that critics ignored his trip to Saigon and focused solely on his visit to Hanoi.

On 29 April 1970, South Vietnamese and U. S. units ( alarmed at the North Vietnamese attempt to overrun the entire country ) unleashed a limited, multi-pronged Cambodian Campaign that Washington hoped would solve three other problems: First, it would provide a shield for the American withdrawal ( by destroying the PAVN logistical system and killing enemy troops ); second, it would provide a test for the policy of Vietnamization ; third, it would serve as a signal to Hanoi that Nixon meant business.

The Third National Congress, held in Hanoi in 1960, formalized the tasks of constructing socialism in what was by then North Vietnam, or the Democratic Republic of Vietnam ( DRV ) and committed the party to carrying out the revolution of liberation in the South.

In June 1969, the NLF ( Viet Cong ) and its allied organizations formed the Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam ( PRG ), recognized by Hanoi as the legal government of South Vietnam.

The history of the communist movement in Cambodia can be divided into six phases: the emergence of the Indochinese Communist Party ( ICP ), whose members were almost exclusively Vietnamese, before World War II ; the 10-year struggle for independence from the French, when a separate Cambodian communist party, the Kampuchean ( or Khmer ) People's Revolutionary Party ( KPRP ), was established under Vietnamese auspices ; the period following the Second Party Congress of the KPRP in 1960, when Saloth Sar ( Pol Pot after 1976 ) and other future Khmer Rouge leaders gained control of its apparatus ; the revolutionary struggle from the initiation of the Khmer Rouge insurgency in 1967 – 68 to the fall of the Lon Nol government in April 1975 ; the Democratic Kampuchea regime, from April 1975 to January 1979 ; and the period following the Third Party Congress of the KPRP in January 1979, when Hanoi effectively assumed control over Cambodia's government and communist party.

* Nguyễn Viết Thắng produced a Vietnamese translation of 487 rubaiyat, translated from English and Russian in 1995, published in Hanoi in 2003.

* 1075 – 1077: the Song Dynasty of China and the Lý Dynasty of Vietnam fight a border war, with Vietnamese forces striking first on land and with their navy, and afterwards Song armies advancing as far as modern-day Hanoi, the capital, but withdraw after Lý makes peace overtures ; in 1082, both sides exchange the territories that they had captured during the war, and later a border agreement is reached.

** Vietnam War – Nguyen Hue Offensive: Prompted by the North Vietnamese offensive, the United States resumes bombing of Hanoi and Haiphong.

* November 8 – Hong Kong begins the forcible repatriation of Vietnamese boat people, starting with a group of 59 who were flown to Hanoi.

* December 21 – Francis Garnier is attacked outside Hanoi by Black Flag mercenaries fighting for the Vietnamese.

A Vietnamese calligraphist writing in hán tự in preparation for Tết, at the Temple of Literature, Hanoi ( 2011 )

He moved to Hanoi to study at the School of Public Administration and Law, a French school that trained Vietnamese bureaucrats.

The Vietnamese railway network has a total length of, dominated by the single track North-South Railway running between Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City.

He claimed that North Vietnamese radar had tracked Maddox along the coast, and was thus aware that the destroyer had not actually attacked North Vietnam and that Hanoi ( or the local commander ) had ordered its craft to engage Maddox anyway.

" Comparing the waterboarding of detainees to the North Vietnamese torture of American P. O. W. s, Ventura asserted, " We created our own Hanoi Hilton in Guantánamo.

Near the war's end in December 1972, President Richard Nixon ordered Operation Linebacker II, a high-intensity Air Force, Navy, and Marine Corps aerial bombing campaign, which included hundreds of B-52 bombers that struck previously untouched North Vietnamese strategic targets, including heavy populated areas in Hanoi and Haiphong.

On May 2, 2000, the Vietnamese Communist Party and the Vietnamese government announced that Pham Van Dong, former Politburo member, former prime minister, had died in Hanoi on April 29, 2000 after several months of serious illness at the age of 94.

The Hanoi Hilton was one site used by the North Vietnamese Army to house, torture and interrogate captured servicemen, mostly American pilots shot down during bombing raids.

Thereafter, it began a gradual decline under pressure from Đại Việt, the Vietnamese polity centered in the region of modern Hanoi.

* Imagery from the hanging scene of Jane Fonda was used in spoofs advocating her execution for treason following her 1972 visit to Hanoi to support the communist Vietnamese in their war against the United States ( after which she has been dubbed " Hanoi Jane ").

On 24 July, Minister Crean co-chaired the 8th Joint Trade and Economic Cooperation Committee with the Vietnamese Minister of Planning and Investment Vo Hong Phuc in Hanoi.

The Red River flows past the Vietnamese capital Hanoi before emptying into the Gulf of Tonkin.

Such systems were used effectively by the North Vietnamese around Hanoi.