Part of the reason that Hayek stressed the knowledge problem was also because he was mainly concerned with debating the proposal for Market Socialism and the Lange Model by Oskar R. Lange ( 1938 ) and Hayek's student Abba Lerner ( 1934, 1937, 1938 ), which was developed in response to the calculation argument.

It was sometime after reading Socialism that Hayek began attending Ludwig von Mises ' private seminars, joining several of his university friends, including Fritz Machlup, Alfred Schutz, Felix Kaufmann, and Gottfried Haberler, who were also participating in Hayek's own, more general, private seminar.

Hayek also taught or tutored all sorts of other L. S. E.

It was first published in Britain by Routledge in March 1944 and was quite popular, leading Hayek to call it " that unobtainable book ," also due in part to wartime paper rationing.

In the 1970s and 1980s, the writings of Hayek were also a major influence on many of the leaders of the " velvet " revolution in Central Europe during the collapse of the old Soviet Empire.

I read the Western economic textbooks and also the more general work of people like Hayek.

Building on the earlier work of Ludwig von Mises and others, Hayek also argued that while in centrally planned economies an individual or a select group of individuals must determine the distribution of resources, these planners will never have enough information to carry out this allocation reliably.

Hayek also wrote that the state has a role to play in the economy, and specifically, in creating a " safety net ".

Hayek had a long-standing and close friendship with philosopher of science Karl Popper, also from Vienna.

Hayek also played a central role in Milton Friedman's intellectual development: " My interest in public policy and political philosophy was rather casual before I joined the faculty of the University of Chicago.

There are also Austrian variants of public choice theory ( suggested by von Mises, Hayek, Kirzner, Lopez, and Boettke ) in which it is assumed that bureaucrats and politicians may be benevolent but have access to limited information.

There are also Austrian variants of public choice theory ( suggested by Mises, Hayek, Kirzner, Lopez, and Boettke ) in which it is assumed that bureaucrats and politicians are benevolent but have access to limited information.

They worked directly under Friedman and his disciple Arnold Harberger, while also being exposed to Hayek.

Scholars during this period had also ceased to identify the Germans as neoliberalism ’ s intellectual progenitors, tending instead to associate neoliberalism with the theories of Friedrich Hayek and Milton Friedman.

Control of information also, as Hayek notes, allows control of the actions of an individual, rendering any liberal system illiberal.

Dogma is a 1999 American adventure fantasy comedy film written and directed by Kevin Smith, who also stars in the film along with an ensemble cast that includes Ben Affleck, Matt Damon, Linda Fiorentino, Alan Rickman, Bud Cort, Salma Hayek, Chris Rock, Jason Lee, George Carlin, Janeane Garofalo, Alanis Morissette, and Jason Mewes.

During this time he once interviewed Mahatma Gandhi in Bombay on his own volition ( 10 April 1945 ). Narayanan then went to England ( 1945 ) and studied political science under Harold Laski at the London School of Economics ( LSE ); he also attended lectures by Karl Popper, Lionel Robbins, and Friedrich Hayek.

Yoakam also starred alongside Penélope Cruz and Salma Hayek in the movie Bandidas ( 2006 ).

The family name Hayek, Hayeck or Haiek,, variants of Howayek, is also found in the Levant.

Other Austrian School academics such as Murray Rothbard and Friedrich Hayek have also had a strong influence on the Institute's work.

Among others, Friedrich von Hayek, Lawrence Fertig, and Henry Hazlitt also assisted in both its construction and continued scholarly development.

The group included Þorsteinn Pálsson, Geir H. Haarde, Jón Steinar Gunnlaugsson, Kjartan Gunnarsson, Magnús Gunnarsson, Brynjólfur Bjarnason and Hannes Hólmsteinn Gissurarson, and they published the magazine Eimreiðin from 1972 to 1975 ; in the following years they followed with interest what was happening in the United Kingdom under Margaret Thatcher and in the United States under Ronald Reagan ; they also read books and articles by and about Milton Friedman, Friedrich Hayek and James M. Buchanan, who all visited Iceland in the early 1980s and whose messages of limited governments, privatisation, and liberalisation of the economy had a wide impact.

From the other side of the fence, the work of Friedrich Hayek also anticipated many of Đilas ' New Class criticisms, without placing them in a Marxist context ( see esp.

Nobel Prize winner and former professor at the University of Freiburg, Friedrich Hayek is also associated with this theory.

It was the classical liberal F. A. Hayek in “ Freedom, Reason and Tradition ” who most systematically and relentlessly pursued the nature of a libertarian / traditionalist synthesis but was loath to give it a label.

While for them it was a farewell to classical liberalism, which they thought to have failed, other participants like Mises and Hayek were not convinced to condemn the old liberalism of laissez faire.

Hayek ( 1937 ) defined an efficient planning process as one where all decision makers form plans that contain relevant data from the plans from others.

Hayek was concerned about the general view in Britain's academia that fascism was a capitalist reaction to socialism and The Road to Serfdom arose from those concerns.

Through analysis of this and other of Hayek's works, Block purports, " in making the case against socialism, Hayek was led into making all sort of compromises with what otherwise appeared to be his own philosophical perspective – so much so, that if a system was erected on the basis of them, it would not differ too sharply from what this author explicitly opposed.

< p > The most interesting among the courageous dissenters of the 1980s were the classical liberals, disciples of F. A. Hayek, from whom they had learned about the crucial importance of economic freedom and about the often-ignored conceptual difference between liberalism and democracy .</ p >

" Hayek had hoped to receive a baronetcy, and after he was awarded the CH he sent a letter to his friends requesting that he be called the English version of Friedrich ( Frederick ) from now on.

In his Prices and Production ( 1931 ), Hayek argued that the business cycle resulted from the central bank's inflationary credit expansion and its transmission over time, leading to a capital misallocation caused by the artificially low interest rates.

Hayek claimed that " the past instability of the market economy is the consequence of the exclusion of the most important regulator of the market mechanism, money, from itself being regulated by the market process.

Eager to promote alternatives to what he regarded as the narrow approach of the school of economic thought that then dominated the English-speaking academic world ( centered at the University of Cambridge and deriving largely from the work of Alfred Marshall ), Robbins invited Hayek to join the faculty at LSE, which he did in 1931.

Unemployment and idle resources are, for Keynes, caused by a lack of effective demand ; for Hayek, they stem from a previous, unsustainable episode of easy money and artificially low interest rates.

Asked about the liberal, non-democratic rule by a Chilean interviewer, Hayek is translated from German to Spanish to English as having said, " As long term institutions, I am totally against dictatorships.

In a letter to Hayek in 1944, Popper stated, " I think I have learnt more from you than from any other living thinker, except perhaps Alfred Tarski.

However, for his part, Hayek found this term " singularly unattractive " and offered the term " Old Whig " ( a phrase borrowed from Edmund Burke ) instead.

* Hayek was awarded honorary degrees from Rikkyo University, University of Vienna, and University of Salzburg.

* " The Road from Serfdom ", Thomas W. Hazlett, Reason, July 1992, includes his 1977 interview with Hayek

He derived the phrase spontaneous order from Gestalt psychology, and it was adopted by the classical liberal economist Frederick Hayek, although the concept can be traced back to at least Adam Smith.

Similarly, Hayek and others from the Austrian school of economics argue that if governments intervene through monetary policy to lower interest rates this will exacerbate unemployment by preventing the market from responding effectively.

Thatcher herself claimed philosophical inspiration from the works of Burke and Friedrich Hayek for her defence of liberal economics.

After reading Hayek's The Road to Serfdom, Keynes wrote to Hayek saying: " Morally and philosophically I find myself in agreement with virtually the whole of it " but concluded the same letter with the recommendation: On the pressing issue of the time, whether deficit spending could lift a country from depression, Keynes replied to Hayek's criticism in the following way:

The most complete rejection of the concept of social justice comes from Friedrich Hayek of the Austrian School of economics:

A pioneer in the field, and inspired by Karl Popper's and Warren Weaver's works, Nobel prize economist and philosopher Friedrich Hayek dedicated much of his work, from early to the late 20th century, to the study of complex phenomena, not constraining his work to human economies but venturing into other fields such as psychology, biology and cybernetics.