The AMPAS was originally conceived by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer studio boss Louis B. Mayer as a professional honorary organization to help improve the film industry ’ s image and help mediate labor disputes.

The International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences defines psychological altruism as " a motivational state with the goal of increasing another ’ s welfare ".

Psychological altruism is contrasted with psychological egoism, which refers to the motivation to increase one ’ s own welfare.

One way is a sincere expression of Christian love, " motivated by a powerful feeling of security, strength, and inner salvation, of the invincible fullness of one ’ s own life and existence ".

Another way is merely " one of the many modern substitutes for love, ... nothing but the urge to turn away from oneself and to lose oneself in other people ’ s business.

* David Firestone-When Romney ’ s Reach Exceeds His Grasp-Mitt Romney quotes the song

" Swift extends the metaphor to get in a few jibes at England ’ s mistreatment of Ireland, noting that " For this kind of commodity will not bear exportation, and flesh being of too tender a consistence, to admit a long continuance in salt, although perhaps I could name a country, which would be glad to eat up our whole nation without it.

George Wittkowsky argued that Swift ’ s main target in A Modest Proposal was not the conditions in Ireland, but rather the can-do spirit of the times that led people to devise a number of illogical schemes that would purportedly solve social and economic ills.

In response, Swift ’ s Modest Proposal was " a burlesque of projects concerning the poor ", that were in vogue during the early 18th century.

Critics differ about Swift ’ s intentions in using this faux-mathematical philosophy.

Charles K. Smith argues that Swift ’ s rhetorical style persuades the reader to detest the speaker and pity the Irish.

Swift ’ s specific strategy is twofold, using a " trap " to create sympathy for the Irish and a dislike of the narrator who, in the span of one sentence, " details vividly and with rhetorical emphasis the grinding poverty " but feels emotion solely for members of his own class.

Swift ’ s use of gripping details of poverty and his narrator ’ s cool approach towards them create " two opposing points of view " that " alienate the reader, perhaps unconsciously, from a narrator who can view with ' melancholy ' detachment a subject that Swift has directed us, rhetorically, to see in a much less detached way.

Once the children have been commodified, Swift ’ s rhetoric can easily turn " people into animals, then meat, and from meat, logically, into tonnage worth a price per pound ".

Swift uses the proposer ’ s serious tone to highlight the absurdity of his proposal.

In making his argument, the speaker uses the conventional, text book approved order of argument from Swift ’ s time ( which was derived from the Latin rhetorician Quintilian ).

James Johnson argued that A Modest Proposal was largely influenced and inspired by Tertullian ’ s Apology: a satirical attack against early Roman persecution of Christianity.

Johnson notes Swift ’ s obvious affinity for Tertullian and the bold stylistic and structural similarities between the works A Modest Proposal and Apology.

He reminds readers that " there is a gap between the narrator ’ s meaning and the text ’ s, and that a moral-political argument is being carried out by means of parody ".

Grothendieck ’ s way of thinking has influenced generations of mathematicians long after his departure from mathematics.

Scholars of ballads are often divided into two camps, the ‘ communalists ’ who, following the line established by the German scholar Johann Gottfried Herder ( 1744 – 1803 ) and the Brothers Grimm, argue that ballads arose by a combined communal effort and did not have a single author, and ‘ individualists ’, following the thinking of English collector Cecil Sharp, who assert that there was a single original author.

Larry Gragg highlights Mather ’ s cloudy thinking and confusion between sympathy for the possessed, and the boundlessness of spectral evidence when Mather stated, “ the devil have sometimes represented the shapes of persons not only innocent, but also the very virtuous .” And writing in the early 1980s, John Demos seemed to consider Mather a moderating influence on the trials.

Also for ‘ new thinking ’ see Ibid., p. 131.

In 1894 Parker ’ s Talks on Pedagogics, which drew heavily on the thinking of Fröbel, Pestalozzi and Herbart, became one of the first American writings on education to gain international fame.

“ This produces a perceptual shift from thinking of oneself in terms of ‘ I ’ and ‘ me ’ to ‘ us ’ or ‘ we ’.” Only when an individual is salient with the in-group can he or she perceive responsibility for the harmful actions of the group, past and present.

He created a new way of thinking that is still important in today ’ s society.

This game is designed encourage students to justify their ( or in this case, someone else ’ s ) actions after they have done it, as opposed to thinking about something and then acting on the thought.

It is based on the work of David Kolb, which states that there are four distinct learning styles ( feeling, watching, thinking, doing ) and that self-knowledge of one ’ s preferred learning style improves learning.

Danielle ’ s parents initially denied knowing anything about such a deal, or even thinking of that option, but later said they asked for it.

" The last few years I had been complaining about that fact that there weren ’ t any females speaking to women above the age of 30, so I started thinking about how I was writing my songs and came up with the idea for “ Friday Night Girls " ... I wanted to write a three minute song with every Sex and the City episode that had ever existed, so I did.

In 2009, Aragonés told an interviewer, “ I ’ m thinking and laughing all day long.

Himma considers Schlesinger ’ s argument to be subject to the same vulnerabilities he noted in other versions of the design argument: While Schlesinger is undoubtedly correct in thinking that we are justified in suspecting design in the case winning three consecutive lotteries, it is because — and only because — we know two related empirical facts about such events.

The ' archangel ' is the hypothetical person who has perfect knowledge of the situation and no personal biases or weaknesses and always uses critical moral thinking to decide the right thing to do ; the ‘ prole ’ is the hypothetical person who is completely incapable of critical thinking and uses nothing but intuitive moral thinking and, of necessity, has to follow the general moral rules they have been taught or learned through imitation.

# The Initial Marxist Period from 1920 – 1926: Marxist thinking employs imminent socioeconomic explanations ; Mao ’ s reasons were declarations of his enthusiasm.

The rewriting of the song was prompted by a letter from Gilbert, dated 25 January: " I can ’ t help thinking that the second act would be greatly improved if the recitation before Grossmith ’ s song were omitted and the song re-set to an air that would admit of his singing it desperately – almost in a passion, the torrent of which would take him off the stage at the end.

Effective Socratic Seminar texts are able to challenge participants ’ thinking skills if the texts are selected for the participants based on a number of characteristics:

• Willpower: “ Willpower is the driving force in hopeful thinking ” ( pg. 9 ) Willpower draws on the perception of our desired goal as well as one ’ s mental energy.

Dr. Barbara Frederickson states that, “ Because positive emotions arise in response to diffuse opportunities, rather than narrowly focused threats, positive emotions momentarily broaden people ’ s attention and thinking, enabling them to draw on higher-level connections and a wider-than-usual range of percepts or ideas through cognitive, psychology, physical, or social resources ”.

The skeptic ’ s field guide to spotting fallacies in thinking – textbook on fallacies.

It assumes that one party has an unlimited amount of information ( usually through some kind of expertise ) and can act as the ‘ information services provider ’ ( pg 268 ) while the other party acts as the ‘ information services consumer ’ ( Bordewijk and Kaam, 1986: 268 )

An abugida ( from Ge ‘ ez አቡጊዳ ’ äbugida ), also called an alphasyllabary, is a segmental writing system in which consonant – vowel sequences are written as a unit: each unit is based on a consonant letter, and vowel notation is secondary.

It is an Ethiopian name of the Ge ‘ ez script, ’ ä bu gi da, taken from four letters of that script the way abecedary derives from Latin a be ce de.

Labels such as ‘ semi-Arian ’ or ‘ neo-Arian ’ are misleading, for those labelled so would have disavowed the importance of their relation to Arius.

These coins were scripted ‘ DIVAE FAUSTINA ’ and were elaborately decorated.

He was forced, instead, to ‘ make peace ’ with them.

In the seventh week after Easter May 878, around Whitsuntide, Alfred rode to ‘ Egbert's Stone ’ east of Selwood, where he was met by " all the people of Somerset and of Wiltshire and of that part of Hampshire which is on this side of the sea is, west of Southampton Water, and they rejoiced to see him ".

To obtain the needed garrison troops and workers to build and maintain the burhs ' defences, Alfred regularised and vastly expanded the existing ( and, one might add, quite recent ) obligation of landowners to provide ‘ fortress work ’ on the basis of the hidage assessed upon their lands.

Spencerian ‘ survival of the fittest ’ firmly credits any provisions made to assist the weak, unskilled, poor and distressed to be an imprudent disservice to evolution.

Cassidy proposed an ‘ allegiance-conduct-witness ’ theory to explain how Luke ’ s purpose lines up with the equipping claim.

The first ayahuasca ‘ Churches ’ affiliated to the Brazilian Santo Daime were established in the Netherlands.

His comment on Numbers 23: 19 has a still more polemical tone: “ God is not a man that he should lie ; neither the son of man, that he should repent ; < font face =" times new roman " size = 3 > if a man says: ‘ I am a god ’ he is a liar ; if he says: ‘ I am a son of man ’ he will have cause to regret it ; and if he says, ‘ I will go up to heaven ’ he has said but will not keep his word ” last phrase is borrowed from B ' midbar 23: 19 ( Yer.