Lincoln successfully argued that the railroad company was not bound by its original charter in existence at the time of Barret's pledge ; the charter was amended in the public interest to provide a newer, superior, and less expensive route, and the corporation retained the right to demand Barret's payment.

He argued before and during his election that the eventual extinction of slavery would result from preventing its expansion into new U. S. territory.

He believed that each culture has to be studied in its particularity, and argued that cross-cultural generalizations, like those made in the natural sciences, were not possible.

From here, it can be argued that, to the extent amateurs threaten the professional industry by providing free services, the professional industry has an interest in making its counterpart amateur activity shameful.

Some jurisdictions allow force to be used in defense of property, to prevent damage either in its own right, or under one or both of the preceding classes of defense in that a threat or attempt to damage property might be considered a crime ( in English law, under s5 Criminal Damage Act 1971 it may be argued that the defendant has a lawful excuse to damaging property during the defense and a defense under s3 Criminal Law Act 1967 ) subject to the need to deter vigilantes and excessive self-help.

Liberal in its use of statistics to make its arguments, the book argued his view that the American republican system of government was superior to the British monarchical system.

Clement Greenberg, for instance, argued in 1960 that each artistic medium should seek that which makes it unique among the possible mediums and then purify itself of anything other than expression of its own uniqueness as a form.

Some Buddhists have argued on this basis that the act of killing is complicated, and its ethicization is predicated upon intent.

Many fundamental questions of craftsmanship versus mass production, the relationship of usefulness and beauty, the practical purpose of formal beauty in a commonplace object, and whether or not a single proper form could exist, were argued out among its 1, 870 members ( by 1914 ).

Krantz has argued, based on his extrapolation of the shape of its mandible, that Gigantopithecus blacki could have been bipedal.

However, the degree of influence remains debated, and it has recently been argued that its grammatical influence accounts for the substantial innovations noted between English and the other West Germanic languages.

From this expression Einstein argued that the displacement of a Brownian particle is not proportional to the elapsed time, but rather to its square root.

It has been argued by John Mosier that, while the French soldiers in 1940 were better trained than German soldiers, as were the Americans later, and the German army was the least mechanised of the major armies, its leadership cadres were both larger and superior and their high standards of leadership were the primary reason for the successes of the German army in World War Two as it had been in World War One.

The Museum has also argued that the British Museum Act of 1963 legally prevents any object from leaving its collection once it has entered it.

Italy, it has been argued, wished to recreate the Roman empire, though its primary aim at the time seems to have been the denial of access to the Adriatic Sea to another major sea power.

This has been argued by some as misleading, and refers to the date the entity adopted its current name under the Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act, of that year.

He said that an organism is conscious " if and only if there is something that it is like to be that organism — something it is like for the organism "; and he argued that no matter how much we know about an animal's brain and behavior, we can never really put ourselves into the mind of the animal and experience its world in the way it does itself.

In the opposite vein, the Japanese history Naito Torajiro argued that China reached " modernity " during its mid-Imperial period, centuries before Europe.

In addition, some scholars contend that China has never operated under a decentralized democratic regime in its several thousand years of history, and therefore it can be argued that the present political structure, albeit not up to Western moral or political standards, is the best possible option when compared to the alternatives.

Many observers from both within and outside of China have argued that the CPC has taken gradual steps towards democracy and transparency, hence arguing that it is best to give it time and room to evolve into a better government that is more responsive to its people rather than forcing an abrupt change with all the deleterious effects such a loss of stability might entail.

It has also been argued that the Declaration was not a statement of popular sovereignty ( and that its signatories would have had no such concept )

It has occasionally been argued that its origins were in heterodox Judaism or Oriental and Grecian philosophies.

Despite caveats in the introduction to the DSM, it has long been argued that its system of classification makes unjustified categorical distinctions between disorders, and uses arbitrary cut-offs between normal and abnormal.

Traditional scholars have argued the letter's audience was Jewish Christians, as early as the end of the 2nd century ( hence its title, " The Epistle to the Hebrews ").

Aristotle's famous argument was contrary to the atomist's depiction of a non-eternal cosmos which, he argued, would require an efficient first cause, a notion that Aristotle took to demonstrate a critical flaw in their reasoning.

However, it has been argued that anti-Semitic themes continued, especially in the depiction of Tintin's enemy Rastapopoulos in the post-war Flight 714, though other writers argue against this, pointing out the way that Rastapopoulos surrounds himself with explicitly German-looking characters: Kurt, the submarine ( or u-boat ) commander of The Red Sea Sharks ; Doctor Krollspell, whom Hergé himself referred to as a former concentration camp official, and Hans Boehm, the sinister-looking navigator and co-pilot, both from Flight 714.

A 13th century depiction of Bernard of Clairvaux, with whom Stephen argued over ecclesiastical policy

In 1673 Kumazawa Banzan argued that her writing was valuable for its sensitivity and depiction of emotions.

That the depiction was informed of ' cosmic ' or metaphysical connotations is also argued on the basis of the testimony of the hymns of Tamil saints.

In support of the reading of Shakespeare ’ s play as subversive, it has also been argued that 16th century audiences would have interpreted Antony and Cleopatra ’ s depiction of different models of government as exposing inherent weaknesses in an absolutist, imperial, and by extension monarchical, political state.

Miniatures were especially an art of the court, and because they were not seen in public, it has been argued that constraints on the depiction of the human figure were much more relaxed, and indeed miniatures often contain great numbers of small figures, and from the 16th century portraits of single ones.

The difference lies in the depiction of Hermes, which can be argued represents a note of optimism of being saved as in other versions of the mythol, Hermes helps obtain Prometheus's release.

Peter Novick has argued that the post-war historiographical depiction of al-Husseini reflected complex geopolitical interests that distorted the record.

Writing in the ' The Guardian ', however, Hilary defended the film's depiction of events and her sister's personality, arguing that it accurately portrayed her darker side, the " MS side "; and in The New Yorker she argued that detractors simply " want to look only at the pieces of Jackie's life they ready to accept ".

However, the conventional depiction of the Human Relations ' school ' of management rising out of the ashes of Scientific Management is argued to be a rhetorical distortion of events.

While Mencken praised Babbitt as unflinching satire, others argued that Lewis took his depiction of the American businessman too far.

The article also argued that Hawk-Eye's depiction of line decisions in tennis ignored such factors as the distortion of the ball on bouncing and the less-than-complete precision with which the lines on the court are drawn.

However, Morris's views have been strongly criticised by Professor Basil Donovan who argues that the protection from HIV argued by Morris is not an accurate depiction of the HIV research.

Even though the conception of dog has evolved since Descartes ' perception and depiction of animals as just " mechanical beings ", toward the modern recognition of a more complex nature as argued by the animal rights theory, there is a mostly Western conceptual difference between animals and humans, hence an established hierarchy that means dogs are still considered in some human societies as food, disposable, caged, experimental subjects or used in military warfare such as the mine-dogs ( hundminen ).

Beside the image of Nārāyaṇa is a kneeling devotee, and it has been argued that this figure is a depiction of Candragupta II himself, symbolising his devotion to Viṣṇu.

In an academic paper on historical and political allegory in Gupta art published in 1983, Frederick M. Asher argued that the depiction of Vāraha at Udayagiri symbolised the unification of Northern India under the rule of Candragupta II.