Some privately held inholdings are a source of direct damage to these Federal lands.

Faced with the possibility of annihilation, Alboin made an alliance in 566 with the Avars under Bayan I, at the expense of some tough conditions ; the Avars demanded a tenth of the Lombards ' cattle, half of the war booty, and on the war's conclusion all of the lands held by the Gepids.

The monastery was deprived of some of its lands at the Norman Conquest but at the time of Domesday still held 18 manors, including Bodmin, Padstow and Rialton.

Simon de Montfort was granted the Trencavel lands by the Pope and did homage for them to the King of France, thus incurring the enmity of Peter of Aragon who had held aloof from the conflict, even acting as a mediator at the time of the siege of Carcassonne.

The Lusitanii, a pre-Celtic people dominating the lands northwest of Iberia, successfully held off the Roman Empire for many years with a variety of innovative tactics and light weapons, including iron-bladed short spears and daggers modeled after Iberian patterns.

The Franconian lands include the present-day South Thuringian districts Schmalkalden-Meiningen, Hildburghausen and Sonneberg, the historic Gau of Grabfeld held by the House of Henneberg from the 11th century and later part of the Wettin duchy of Saxe-Meiningen.

Cleveland angered railroad investors by ordering an investigation of western lands they held by government grant.

Small banana producing cooperatives lined up in the 1990s to sell their land to the commercial giants, and the last banana-producing lands held by the government were privatized.

The fact that the Capetians both held lands as Prince as well as in the title of King gave them a complicated status.

After or just before the dissolution, the Electors of Bavaria, Württemberg, Saxony, and Hanover each took the title of king of his former electorate ( in the case of Hanover after regaining his lands following Napoleon's defeat in 1814 ) while the King of Prussia extended his royal title to cover his erstwhile Electorate of Brandenburg as well as the lands he held as king outside the imperial border.

Knowledge of lands as distant as China were held by the Romans.

In 1490 John was able to purchase the former Lusatian territory around Zossen, acknowledged by the Bohemian king Vladislaus II, and maintained the succession claims of the Hohenzollern dynasty to the Pomeranian lands held by the House of Griffins.

John hoped to acquire Normandy, Anjou and the other lands in France held by Richard in exchange for allying himself with Philip.

Latvia, in whole or in parts, remained under foreign rule for the next eight centuries, finding itself at the cross-roads of all the regional superpowers of their day, including Denmark ( the Danes held on lands around the Gulf of Riga ), Sweden, and Russia, with southern ( Courland ) Latvia being at one time a vassal to Poland-Lithuania as well as Latgale falling directly under Poland-Lithuania rule.

With the Christian re-conquest of the Peninsula underway, inroads into Islamic territories were successfully incorporating lands previously held by the taifa kingdoms.

After this Johan III held off on his pursuit for more land due to Muscovy obtaining lands that Sweden controlled.

Not all territorial seigneurs were secular ; bishops and abbots also held lands that entailed similar obligations.

The site was given by the Prince of Wales, who held the lands of the Duchy of Cornwall to which all the Moor belonged.

What could have been a tense affair, since Rhys had seized lands in Ceredigion previously held by the Clare family, passed off with an exchange of courteous compliments, followed by some good-natured banter between Rhys and Gerald about their family connections.

In elections held in June 1992, Václav Klaus's Civic Democratic Party won in the Czech lands on a platform of economic reform, and Vladimír Mečiar's Movement for a Democratic Slovakia ( HZDS ) emerged as the leading party in Slovakia, basing its appeal on the fairness of Slovak demands for autonomy.

Carantania-Carinthia was established again as an autonomous administrative unit in 976, when Emperor Otto I, " the Great ", after deposing the Duke of Bavaria, Henry II, " the Quarreller ", split the lands held by him and made Carinthia the sixth duchy of the Holy Roman Empire, but old Carantania never developed into a unified realm.

In 1113, Stephen was granted both the title and the honour, although without the lands previously held by William in England.

Stephen announced the Treaty of Winchester in Winchester Cathedral: he recognised Henry FitzEmpress as his adopted son and successor, in return for Henry doing homage to him ; Stephen promised to listen to Henry's advice, but retained all his royal powers ; Stephen's remaining son, William, would do homage to Henry and renounce his claim to the throne, in exchange for promises of the security of his lands ; key royal castles would be held on Henry's behalf by guarantors whilst Stephen would have access to Henry's castles ; and the numerous foreign mercenaries would be demobilised and sent home.

A Beltane Fire Festival has been held every year since 1988 during the night of 30 April on Calton Hill in Edinburgh, Scotland and attended by up to 15, 000 people.

The first world championship for curling was limited to men and was known as the " Scotch Cup ", held in Falkirk and Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1959.

The Cathbuaid, Columba's crozier or staff, has been lost but the 8th-century Breccbennach or Monymusk Reliquary shown here, which held relics of Columba, is known to have been carried into battle from the reign of King William I of Scotland | William I onwards.

In 1999 the event was hosted by England, with some matches also being held in Scotland, Ireland, Wales and the Netherlands.

A copy of the Declaration survives among Scotland's state papers, held by the National Archives of Scotland in Edinburgh.

When elections were held to the newly created Scottish Parliament in 1999, as leader of the Scottish Labour Party and through a coalition with the Liberal Democrats, Dewar became the inaugural holder of the First Minister of Scotland post.

Such doctrines are, in the English-speaking world, largely associated with the House of Tudor and the early House of Stuart in Britain and the theology of the Caroline divines, who held their tenure at the pleasure of James I of England ( VI of Scotland ), Charles I and Charles II.

Yet in nations or regions where traditional folk music is a badge of cultural or national identity, the loss of traditional music can be slowed ; this is held to be true, for instance in the case of Bangladesh, Hungary, India, Ireland, Scotland, Latvia, Turkey, Portugal, Brittany, and Galicia, Greece and Crete all of which retain their traditional music to some degree, in some such areas the decline of traditional music and loss of traditions has been reversed.

Significant post-retirement activities of earlier Governors-General have included: Lord Tennyson was appointed Deputy Governor of the Isle of Wight ; Sir Ronald Munro Ferguson ( by now Lord Novar ) became Secretary of State for Scotland ; and Lord Gowrie became Chairman of the Marylebone Cricket Club ( Lord Forster had also held this post, before his appointment as Governor-General ).

To prevent civil war the Scottish magnates asked Edward I of England to arbitrate, for which he extracted legal recognition that the realm of Scotland was held as a feudal dependency to the throne of England before choosing John Balliol, the man with the strongest claim, who became king in 1292.

In England, clergy performed many clandestine marriages, such as so-called Fleet Marriage, which were held legally valid ; and in Scotland, unsolemnized common-law marriage was still valid.

Although Christmas Day held its normal religious nature in Scotland amongst its Catholic and Presbyterian communities, the Presbyterian national church, the Church of Scotland, had discouraged the celebration of Christmas for over 400 years.

During the early Iron Age Brythonic culture held sway, there being no evidence that the Roman occupation of southern Scotland extended to these islands.

Since the late Middle Ages the Kingdoms of England and Scotland had been evolving towards a quasi-oligarchical or collegiate form of government in which the monarch was held to rule with the consensus of the land-owning upper classes.

* 1808 – The organizational meeting that led to the creation of the Wernerian Natural History Society, a former Scottish learned society, is held in Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom.

Homage was again obtained under force from the nobles and the burghs, and a parliament was held to elect those who would meet later in the year with the English parliament to establish rules for the governance of Scotland.

Robert Bruce as Earl of Carrick and now 7th Lord of Annandale, held huge estates and property in Scotland and a barony and some minor properties in England and had a strong claim to the Scottish throne.

Comyn had been much more resolute in his opposition to the English ; he was the most powerful noble in Scotland and was related to many more powerful nobles both within Scotland and England including relatives that held the earldoms of Buchan, Mar, Ross, Fife, Angus, Dunbar and Strathearn.

In March 1309, he held his first Parliament at St. Andrews, and by August, he controlled all of Scotland north of the River Tay.

Writing for the court, Chief Justice Grafton Green rejected this argument, holding that the Tennessee Religious Preference clause was designed to prevent the establishment of a state religion as had been the experience in England and Scotland at the writing of the Constitution, and held:

The Southern Picts, for whom Ninian is held to be the apostle, are the Picts south of the mountains known as the Mounth, which cross Scotland north of the Firths of Clyde and Forth.

James IV of Scotland ( r. 1488 – 1513 ) reportedly had a great liking for Scotch whisky, and in 1506 the town of Dundee purchased a large amount of whisky from the Guild of Surgeon Barbers, which held the monopoly on production at the time.