The Roman Breviary has undergone several revisions: The most remarkable of these is that by Francis Quignonez, cardinal of Santa Croce in Gerusalemme ( 1536 ), which, though not accepted by Rome ( it was approved by Clement VII and Paul III, and permitted as a substitute for the unrevised Breviary, until Pius V in 1568 excluded it as too short and too modern, and issued a reformed edition ( Breviarium Pianum, Pian Breviary ) of the old Breviary ), formed the model for the still more thorough reform made in 1549 by the Church of England, whose daily morning and evening services are but a condensation and simplification of the Breviary offices.

Furthermore, Nasir al-Din al-Tusi ( 1201 – 1274 ), an astronomer and mathematician from Baghdad, authored the Treasury of Astronomy, a remarkably accurate table of planetary movements that reformed the existing planetary model of Roman astronomer Ptolemy by describing a uniform circular motion of all planets in their orbits.

The Decree of Canopus, which was issued by the pharaoh Ptolemy III, Euergetes of Ancient Egypt in 239 BC, decreed a solar leap day system ; an Egyptian leap year was not adopted until 25 BC, when the Roman Emperor Augustus successfully instituted a reformed Alexandrian calendar.

At the Diet of Nuremberg, which opened in December 1522, he was represented by Francesco Chiericati, whose private instructions contain the frank admission that the disorder of the Church was perhaps the fault of the Roman Curia itself, and that it should be reformed.

According to the reformed Roman Rite Roman Catholic calendar, this Sunday is now known by its number within Ordinary Time — fourth through ninth, depending upon the date of Easter — or the fourth through the ninth Sunday after Epiphany in the contemporary Anglican calendars, and that of various Protestant polities.

Numa reformed the Roman calendar by adjusting it for the solar and lunar year as well as by adding the months of January and February to bring the total number of months to twelve.

Leo's constitution of 5 November 1513 reformed the Roman university, which had been neglected by Julius II.

As chancellor of the Holy Roman Church from 1089 to 1118, he drastically reformed the papal administration, establishing a permanent staff of clerks for the papacy, overcoming the previous custom of relying on Roman notaries to write papal documents, and introducing the minuscule curial script.

In 297, as Emperor Diocletian reformed the administrative structures of the Roman Empire, Aquitania was split into three provinces.

Emperor Augustus reformed the state administration and placed Pamphylia and Side in the Roman province of Galatia in 25 BC, after the short reign of Amyntas of Galatia between 36 and 25 BC.

However, this reform was opposed by the Egyptian priests, and the idea was not adopted until 25 BC, when the Roman Emperor Augustus formally reformed the calendar of Egypt, keeping it forever synchronized with the newly introduced Julian calendar.

Some historians maintain Ferdinand had also been touched by the reformed philosophies, and was probably the closest the Holy Roman Empire ever came to a Protestant emperor ; he remained nominally a Catholic throughout his life, although reportedly he refused last rites on his deathbed.

In the Roman Rite, as reformed by Pope Paul VI, the following colours are used.

After Julius Caesar reformed the calendar in 46 BC and was subsequently murdered, the Roman Senate voted to deify him on the 1st January 42 BC in honor of his life and his institution of the new rationalized calendar.

The Church of Ireland came into existence as a reformed church independent of the Roman Catholic Church in 1536 when the Irish Parliament declared Henry VIII to be the Supreme Head of the Church on earth ( i. e. Head of the Church of Ireland ).

c. 12 ) practically acknowledging the validity of the ordination of ministers whether according to Roman Catholic or the rites of the reformed churches on the continent.

This small group, known as " Sirianists ", have yet to offer any reasonable explanation for the fact that Siri failed to support the sedevacantist movement, that he recognized John XXIII, Paul VI, John Paul I and John Paul II as legitimate popes, that despite his conservatism he celebrated the Mass according to the reformed 1970 Roman Missal and the other revised sacraments, and that he signed all of the documents of the Second Vatican Council.

Convinced of a crisis devastating the Roman Catholic Church and coming under the increasing influence of sedevacantist activists, Archbishop Thục proceeded to consecrate several bishops without a mandate from the Holy See because he believed he was morally obliged to secure apostolic succession in the Latin Church, considering the reformed rites for the sacrament of Holy Orders of Pope Paul VI to be of doubtful validity.

This coincided with one of the periods in its history when the Roman Catholic Church was actively responding to pressures to what it regarded as " heresies " that were gaining popularity in southern France and northern Italy, as well as some monastic orders, in particular, reformed.

The start of what is viewed as Byzantine currency by numismatics began with the monetary reform of Anastasius in 498, who reformed the late Roman Empire coinage system which consisted of the gold solidus and the bronze nummi.

The town converted to the new reformed religion while the Abbey remained Roman Catholic.

Sulla used proscription to restore the depleted Roman Treasury ( Aerarium ), which had been drained by costly civil and foreign wars in the preceding decade, and to eliminate enemies ( both real and potential ) of his reformed state and constitutions ; the plutocratic knights of the Ordo Equester were particularly hard-hit.

At the centre of Alfred's reformed military defence system was a network of fortresses, or burhs, distributed at strategic points throughout the kingdom.

Andronikos III reorganized the Byzantine navy ( consisted of 10 ships by 1332 ) and reformed the judicial system by forming a panel of four universal judges whom he designated " Universal Justices of the Romans ".

The payment and settlement system and clearing mechanisms were reformed in 2004 through the BCEAO and offer RTGS and SWIFT access to banks, financial institutions, the stock exchange as well as the Central bank and special banks.

He reformed the system of family and clan names, because many named themselves false names using higher ranked clan or family names.

Fine Gael wants Ireland to break with the system of private health insurance, public medical cards and what it calls the two tiers of the health system and has launched a campaign to see the system reformed.

Fine Gael launched its FairCare campaign and website in April 2009, which states that the health service would be reformed away from a costly ineffective endeavour, into a publicly regulated system where compulsory universal health insurance would replace the existing provisions.

From 1918, camp-type detention facilities were set up, as a reformed analogy of the earlier system of penal labor ( katorgas ), operated in Siberia in Imperial Russia.

The municipal boroughs reformed after 1835 were brought into this system as special cases of urban districts.

After two commissions of enquiry in 1826 and 1876 and reforming acts of parliament in 1858 and 1889, the curriculum and system of graduation were reformed to meet the needs of the emerging middle classes and the professions.

Sculpture representing two founders of Jainism: left, Rishabha ( Jain tirthankar ) | Rishabha first of the 24 tirthankara s ; right Mahavira, the last of those 24, who consolidated and reformed the religious and philosophical system.

To achieve this, John reformed the English feudal contribution to his campaigns, creating a more flexible system under which only one knight in ten would actually be mobilised, but would be financially supported by the other nine ; knights would serve for an indefinite period.

5 ) A radically reformed educational system, based on the MBTI personality types, and insights from radical innovators like Rudolf Steiner and Maria Montessori.

Under the reformed system, four public regional universities were be created, and incentives are provided by the government to promote the upgrading of the existing nine private colleges and the creation of other degree-granting private colleges.

The branches are according to Panama's Political Constitution of 1972, reformed by the Actos Reformatorios of 1978, and by the Acto Constitucional in 1983., united in cooperation and limited through the classic system of checks and balances.

Greater latitude was given to managers of state-owned factories, while capital was made available to them through a reformed banking system and through fiscal policies ( in contrast to the fiscal anarchy and fall in revenue experienced by the Soviet government during perestroika ).

Penal labor system was reformed and many prisoners were released and rehabilitated ( many of them posthumously ).

* July 9 – Emperor Anastasius I dies childless at Constantinople, age 88, after an 27-year reign in which he has abolished the sale of offices, reformed taxation, perfected the empire's monetary system, but antagonized some with his heretical Monophysite religious policies.

Market socialism has also been used to refer to reformed economic systems in Marxist-Leninist states, such as the People's Republic of China, where a free price system is utilized for the allocation and distribution of all resources in the state sector.

It is only by acting together in civil society and binding themselves to its laws that men become men ; and only a properly constituted society and reformed system of education could make men good.

He reformed the gaol system, introducing payment for gaolers and education for the inmates.