At this time, his proof that white light was a combination of primary colours ( found via prismatics ) replaced the prevailing theory of colours and received an overwhelmingly favourable response, and occasioned bitter disputes with Robert Hooke and others, which forced him to sharpen his ideas to the point where he already composed sections of his later book Opticks by the 1670s in response.

Eventually, most Nordic countries replaced or complemented this system with the prevailing " international " standard of inherited family names.

It more or less replaced Scottish as the prevailing term in England in the 17th century.

In an essentially static system, an oil cannot be replaced by water on a surface unless the interfacial tensions of the water phase are reduced by a surface-active agent.

The old Morse system was replaced locally by the Simplex modern automatic method in 1929, when Ellamae Heckman ( Wilcox ) was manager of the Western Union office.

The system was used in Russia as late as the early 18th century when Peter the Great replaced it with Arabic numerals.

* The 400 / 800's 10 KB operating system was replaced with a simpler 2 KB BIOS, of which 1 KB is the built-in character set.

This system was phased out in the 1990s and replaced with the RUM-139 Vertical Launch ASROC, or " VLA ".

As a pharmaceutical, simple bromide ion, Br < sup >–</ sup >, has inhibitory effects on the central nervous system, and bromide salts were once a major medical sedative, before being replaced by shorter-acting drugs.

Once judges began to regard each other's decisions to be binding precedent, the pre-Norman system of local customs and law varying in each locality was replaced by a system that was ( at least in theory, though not always in practice ) common throughout the whole country, hence the name " common law.

Ohio built many miles of canal, Indiana had working canals for a few decades, and the Illinois and Michigan Canal connected the Great Lakes to the Mississippi River system until replaced by a channelized river waterway.

Thus the Sidewinder team replaced a potentially complex control system with a simple mechanical solution.

Significantly, the Quebec Act also replaced the French criminal law presumption of guilty until proven innocent with the English criminal law presumption of innocent until proven guilty ; but the French code or civil law system was retained for non-criminal matters.

When intervals between fires drop below 10 to 15 years, many chaparral species are eliminated and the system is typically replaced by non-native, invasive, weedy grassland.

In the case of a central force, relative to the origin of the polar coordinate system, can be replaced by, meaning the entire force is the component in the radial direction.

The Soroban system was notoriously unreliable, and often replaced with a modified Friden Flexowriter, which also contained its own punch tape system.

A simple vacuum distillation system as exemplified above can be used, whereby the vacuum is replaced with an inert gas after the distillation is complete.

Introduced by AT & T in 1963, the Touch-Tone system using the telephone keypad gradually replaced the use of rotary dial and has become the industry standard for landline service.

In 2008, the West-Link toll bridge was replaced by the eFlow barrier-free tolling system, with a three-tiered charge system based on electronic tags and car pre-registration.

The system functioned well but was eventually replaced because of the need to create a standard data package for D-cinema distribution.

The idea of creating artificial intelligence led some computer scientists to believe that teachers could be replaced by computers, through something like an expert system ; however, attempts to accomplish this have predictably proved inflexible.

More recently the Exile games have been remade as the Avernum series, which replaced the two-dimensional tile-based graphics system with an isometric one and made numerous changes to the RPG system and some changes to the content.

February 29 came to be regarded as the leap day when the Roman system of numbering days was replaced by sequential numbering in the late Middle Ages.

* Enemas may also be used to relieve constipation and fecal impaction, although in the U. S. A. and some other parts of the world, their use has been replaced in most professional health-care settings by oral laxatives and laxative suppositories.

Fluids can be replaced via oral administration ( drinking ), intravenous administration, rectally, or by hypodermoclysis, the direct injection of fluid into the subcutaneous tissue.

She is the most sexually themed character of the game, and, consequentially, was considerably altered in the censored version ; her orgasm-like moans were replaced with Violet's giggle, and her third Thrill Kill was removed, in which she appears to perform oral sex on her opponent, only for the camera to reveal that she is merely tickling their foot with a feather.

Muscat would return briefly until oral cancer sidelined him in late summer of 2005 and he was temporarily replaced by Michael Thomas which would end permanently when he chose not to return back to the lineup.

Reactions to amalgam fillings may contribute to the oral lesions very similar to lichen planus, and a systematic review found that many of the lesions resolved after the fillings were replaced with another material.

Written laws, which replaced oral laws, were less flexible to the changing social nature, old customs of retribution and justice were removed or banned, and the removal of more violent punishments in some areas led to an increase in crime.

Its treatment includes immediate antibiotic therapy to prevent mediastinitis and sepsis, surgical repair of the perforation, and if there is significant fluid loss it should be replaced with IV fluid therapy since oral rehydration is not possible.

A postliterate society is different from a pre-literate one, as the latter has not yet created writing and communicates orally ( oral literature and oral history, aided by art, dance, and singing ), and the former has replaced the written word with recorded sounds ( CDs, audiobooks ), broadcast spoken word and music ( radio ), pictures ( JPEG ) and moving images ( television, film, MPG, streaming video, video games, virtual reality ).

Once he has received this blessing, the abbot not only becomes father of his monks in a spiritual sense, but their major superior under canon law, and has the additional authority to confer the ministries of acolyte and lector ( formerly, he could confer the minor orders, which are not sacraments, that these ministries have replaced ).

" The common law crime of indecent assault was repealed by the Criminal Law ( Sexual Offences and Related Matters ) Amendment Act, 2007, and replaced by a statutory crime of sexual assault.

Examples of common law being replaced by statute or codified rule in the United States include criminal law ( since 1812, U. S. courts have held that criminal law must be embodied in statute if the public is to have fair notice ), commercial law ( the Uniform Commercial Code in the early 1960s ) and procedure ( the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure in the 1930s and the Federal Rules of Evidence in the 1970s ).

The position of CNO replaced the position of Aide for Naval Operations, which was a position established by regulation rather than statutory law.

Errors crept in also when Athens replaced its old Attic alphabet with the Ionian alphabet, a change sanctioned by law in 403-2 BC, adding a new complication to the task of copying.

Until 1962, the martial law continued while Field Marshal Ayub Khan purged a number of politicians and civil servants from the government and replaced them with military officers.

Many common law countries have now abolished the felony / misdemeanor distinction and replaced it with other distinctions such as between indictable offences and summary offences.

The last Gun Act was passed in 2001 and replaced the old law tightening the legislation slightly.

The occupation yielded to a transitional administrative law, which was replaced by the Constitution of Iraq following approval in a referendum held on October 15, 2005.

As a pistol, the Stechkin is being slowly replaced by the Yarygin PYa ; as a PDW, it was replaced by the AKS-74U compact assault rifle, now widely used in law enforcement.

He later became known in the United States and Israel for political and religious views that included proposing emergency Jewish mass-immigration to Israel due to the imminent threat of a " second Holocaust " in the United States, advocating that Israel's democracy be replaced by a state modeled on Jewish religious law, and promoting the idea of a Greater Israel in which Israel would annex the West Bank and Gaza Strip.

They were replaced with a number of approaches, of which the most important is the governmental interests analysis pioneered by law professor Brainerd Currie in a landmark series of essays.

However, after World War II the expression formelles Recht obviously has been found " contaminated " and to a broad extent has been replaced by Prozeßrecht meaning narrowing the idea behind it to " law of litigation " ( thereby excluding f. i. the law of other procedures and the law on competences ).