He served as a Member of the House of Representatives for the last time from September 16, 1982 until his death on December 24, 1987.

He served as a Member of the House of Representatives from May 19, 1998 until March 24, 2000 when he became State Secretary for Finance in the Cabinet Kok II following the resignation of Willem Vermeend who became Minister of Social Affairs and Employment.

He served as a Member of the House of Representatives from 16 January 1978, until 5 November 1982, when he became State Secretary for Economic Affairs from 5 November 1982, until 14 July 1986, in the Cabinet Lubbers I.

He served as a Member of the House of Representatives from June 3, 1986 until August 22, 1994 when he became Minister of Social Affairs and Employment in the Cabinet Kok I following the Dutch general election of 1994.

He served as a Member of the House of Representatives from May 19, 1998 until July 20, 2004 when he became a Member of the European Parliament, serving until February 22, 2007 when he became Minister of Transport, Public Works and Water Management in the Cabinet Balkenende IV.

He served as a Member of the House of Representatives from 17 May 1994 until 22 February 2007.

He served as a Member of the House of Representatives from November 11, 1982 until June 3, 1986 and from July 30, 1986 until August 22, 1994 when he became Minister of the Interior and Deputy Prime Minister in the Cabinet Kok I.

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