A major concern of Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit ( 1807 ) and of the philosophy of Spirit that he lays out in his Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences ( 1817 – 1830 ) is the interrelation between individual humans, which he conceives in terms of " mutual recognition.

Hegel ( 1770 – 1831 ) challenged Kant's doctrine of the unknowable thing-in-itself, and declared that by knowing phenomena more fully we can gradually arrive at a consciousness of the absolute and spiritual truth of Divinity, most notably in his Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit, published in 1807.

The Right Hegelians followed the master in believing that the dialectic of history had come to an end ( Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit reveals itself to be the culmination of history as the reader reaches its end ).

Instead of philosophy being located on top of the pyramid of knowledge, as in Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit, it becomes a simple tool for rationalism and sciences.

The argument for this claim draws heavily on Hegel's great work, the Phenomenology of Spirit.

A smaller work, titled Philosophy of Spirit ( also translated as " Philosophy of Mind "), appears in Hegel's Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences, and recounts in briefer and somewhat altered form the major themes of the original Phenomenology.

The Preface to the Phenomenology, all by itself, is considered one of Hegel's major works and a major text in the history of philosophy, because in it he sets out the core of his philosophical method and what distinguishes it from that of any previous philosophy, especially that of his German Idealist predecessors ( Kant, Fichte, and Schelling ).

* Hegel's Preface to the Phenomenology of Spirit, translated with introduction, running commentary and notes by Yirmiyahu Yovel ( Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2004 ) ISBN 0-691-12052-8.

*" Introduction ", " The Phenomenology of Spirit ", translated by Kenley R. Dove, in Martin Heidegger, " Hegel's Concept of Experience " ( New York: Harper & Row, 1970 )

* Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit: Selections Translated and Annotated by Howard P. Kainz.

" Hegel's Phenomenology of Self-consciousness: text and commentary " translation of Chapter IV of the Phenomenology, with accompanying essays and a translation of " Hegel's summary of self-consciousness from ' The Phenomenologgy of Spirit ' in the Philosophical Propaedeutic ", by Leo Rauch and David Sherman.

Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit.

Genesis and Structure of " Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit.

Reading Hegel's Phenomenology.

Hegel's Idea of a Phenomenology of Spirit.

Hegel's Phenomenology.

Hegel's Phenomenology: The Sociality of Reason.

* Yovel, Yirmiyahu, Hegel's Preface to the Phenomenology of Spirit: Translation and Running Commentary, Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press ,, 2005, ISBN 0-691-12052-8

Hegel's Epistemology: A Philosophical Introduction to the Phenomenology of Spirit.

' The Logic of Desire: An Introduction to Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit.

Electronic versions of the English translation of Hegel's Phenomenology of Mind are available at:

Hegel's idealism considered history a product of the Spirit ( Geist or also Zeitgeist — the " Spirit of the Time ").

Marx also borrowed Engels characterisation of Hegel's notion of the World Spirit that history occurred twice, " once as a tragedy and secondly as a farce " in the first paragraph of his new book.

The Young Hegelians drew on Hegel's veneration of Reason and Freedom as the guiding forces of history, and his idea that the ' Spirit ' overcame all that was opposed to these and to itself.

Kojève spent most of his life in France, and from 1933 to 1939, he delivered in Paris a series of lectures on Georg Hegel's work Phenomenology of Spirit.

The proletariat takes the place of Hegel's Weltgeist (" World Spirit "), which achieves history through Volkgeist (" the spirit of the people "): the idealist conception of an abstract Spirit making history, which ends in the realm of Reason, is replaced by a materialist conception based not on mythical Spirits, but on a concrete " identical subject-object of history ": the proletariat.

The term ' Right Hegelian ', for example, was never actually used by those it was ascribed to, Hegel's direct successors at the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität ( now the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin ), and was actually first used by David Strauss to describe Bruno Bauer ( who is, confusingly, a typically ' Left ' Hegelian ).

In his Prolegomena to Historiosophy, Cieszkowski argues that we have gone from Art ( the Past ), which was a stage of contemplating the Real, to Philosophy ( the Present ), which is a contemplation of the Ideal, and that since Hegel's philosophy was the summing-up and perfection of Philosophy, the time of Philosophy was up, and the time for a new era has dawned-the era of Action.

Hegel giving a speechIn Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel's work, The Science of Logic ( 1812 ), Hegel had criticized Aristotle's laws of classical logic for being static, rather than dynamic and becoming, and had replaced it with his own dialectical logic.

Différance, instead, focuses on the play of presence and absence, and, in effecting a concentration of certain thinking, Derrida takes on board the thought of Freud's unconscious ( the trace ), Heidegger's destruction of ontotheology, Nietzsche's play of forces, and Bataille's notion of sacrifice in contrast to Hegel's Aufheben.

The second main section of Kant's book, the ' Transcendental Doctrine of Method ', which determines the ' formal conditions of a complete system of pure reason ' ( A708, B735 ), is also relevant, especially to Hegel's concern for system.

( 2 ), ( 3 ), ( 4 ) and, in part, ( 1 ) made up the subject-matter of the ' formal ', ' classical ' or ' traditional ' logic of Hegel's day.

He has published three books: Fichte's Theory of Subjectivity ( Cambridge University Press, 1990 ); Foundations of Hegel's Social Theory: Actualizing Freedom ( Harvard University Press, 2000 ), which argues for the centrality of " social freedom " in Hegel's political thought ; and " Rousseau's Theodicy of Self-Love: Evil, Rationality, and the Drive for Recognition.

* Francis Herbert Bradley ( 1846 – 1924 ), a British absolute idealist who adapted Hegel's Metaphysics.

* Benedetto Croce ( 1866 – 1952 ), an Italian philosopher who defended Hegel's account on how we understand history.

This translation, made by John Sibree ( 1857 ), is still the only English version which contains not only the Introduction, but the shorter body of the lectures according to Karl Hegel's 1840 manuscript.

In this way permeation and totality of beginning and end was symbolised to consider the supreme wholeness and thus the universal synthesis of opposites as a ' cancellation ' ( i. e. solvent ) or cohesion ( i. e. medicine ), and in such a way is similar to the philosophical " absolute " of Hegel's dialectic.

In 1844, Karl Marx ( 1818 – 1883 ), an atheistic political economist, wrote in his Contribution to the Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right: " Religious suffering is, at one and the same time, the expression of real suffering and a protest against real suffering.

The history of any such human endeavor, moreover, not only builds upon but also reacts against what has gone before ; this is the source of Hegel's famous dialectic teaching usually summed up by the slogan " thesis, antithesis, and synthesis ".

) Hegel's famous aphorism, " Philosophy is the history of philosophy ," describes it bluntly.

Marx's contributions to the Jahrbücher include the Introduction to a Contribution to the Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right, which includes his famous description of religion as " the opiate of the people.

ed., 1966 ) Popper unleashed a famous attack on Hegelian dialectics, in which he held that Hegel's thought ( unjustly, in the view of some philosophers, such as Walter Kaufmann ,) was to some degree responsible for facilitating the rise of fascism in Europe by encouraging and justifying irrationalism.

That led to his wholehearted embrace of Hegelianism, as he became bedazzled by Hegel's famous maxim ; " Everything that exists is rational ".

In 1835, after academic work in Hegel's following, Snellman was appointed lecturer at the University of Helsinki, where he belonged to the famous circle of Cygnaeus, Lönnrot,

The resolution is depicted in Hegel's famous parable of the master-slave dialectic.

He is famous for being the compiler and editor of Hegel's posthumous work Lectures on Aesthetics.