The value of these works is impaired somewhat by Baur's habit of making the history of dogma conform to the formulae of Hegel's philosophy, a procedure " which only served to obscure the truth and profundity of his conception of history as a true development of the human mind " ( Pfleiderer ).

The proletariat takes the place of Hegel's Weltgeist (" World Spirit "), which achieves history through Volkgeist (" the spirit of the people "): the idealist conception of an abstract Spirit making history, which ends in the realm of Reason, is replaced by a materialist conception based not on mythical Spirits, but on a concrete " identical subject-object of history ": the proletariat.

In political economy and political science the effect of Hegel's collectivistic conception of the State supplanted to a large extent the individualistic conception which was handed down from the eighteenth century to the nineteenth century.

Hegel's dialectics aims to explain the development of human history.

The history of any such human endeavor, moreover, not only builds upon but also reacts against what has gone before ; this is the source of Hegel's famous dialectic teaching usually summed up by the slogan " thesis, antithesis, and synthesis ".

Hegel's position is perhaps best illuminated when contrasted against the atomistic and reductionist view of human societies and social activities self-defining on an ad hoc basis through the sum of dozens of interactions.

The Right Hegelians, working from Hegel's opinions about the organicism and historically determined nature of human societies, took Hegel's historicism as a justification of the unique destiny of national groups and the importance of stability and institutions.

Hegel's obscure and mystical Philosophy of Mind held that the absolute right of freedom of conscience facilitates human understanding of an all-embracing unity, an absolute which was rational, real and true.

Thinkers such as Johann Gottfried Herder ( 1744 – 1803 ) and Johann Gottlieb Fichte ( 1762 – 1814 ) had written on the concept and importance of world history and nationalism, and Hegel's philosophy continues this trend, while breaking away from an emphasis on nationalism and striving rather to grasp the full sweep of human cultural and intellectual history as a manifestation of spirit.

The Young Hegelians, by contrast, took Hegel's thoughts on societies shaped by the forces of social conflict for a doctrine of progress, and attempted to chart a course that would manipulate these forces to lead to various improved outcomes.

Feuerbach's theme was a derivation of Hegel's speculative theology in which the Creation remains a part of the Creator, while the Creator remains greater than the Creation.

Feuerbach's theme was a derivation of Hegel's speculative theology in which the Creation remains a part of the Creator, while the Creator remains greater than the Creation.

In the passage below from Language As Symbolic Action, Burke cites Hegel's coinage of the term " Thersitism ," and he proceeds to describe a version of it as a process by which an author both privileges protest in a literary work but also disguises or disowns it, so as not to distract from the literary form of the work, which must push on toward other effects than the protest per se:

The bulk of the book is devoted to discussing Hegel's three spheres of versions of ' right ,' each one larger than the preceding ones and encompassing them.

In Hegel's view, Fries was dependent upon " immediate perception and contingent imagination "; his views were emotional rather than rational.

Hegel giving a speechIn Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel's work, The Science of Logic ( 1812 ), Hegel had criticized Aristotle's laws of classical logic for being static, rather than dynamic and becoming, and had replaced it with his own dialectical logic.

The dialectic structure of becoming renders existence far too easy, in Hegel's theory, because conflicts are eventually mediated and disappear automatically through a natural process that requires no individual choice other than a submission to the will of the Idea or Geist.

Hegel's work The Science of Logic () outlined his vision of logic, which is an ontology that incorporates the traditional Aristotelian syllogism as a sub-component rather than a basis.

At the same time, the developmental nature of Hegel's philosophy meant that rather than simply deprecating ancient civilizations and non-European cultures, he saw them as necessary ( if incomplete or underdeveloped ) steps in the outworking of absolute spirit.

As the work proceeded — and Kierkegaard's overcoming of Hegel's idealism is revealed to be a mere interiorization — Adorno excitedly remarks in a letter to Berg that he is writing without looking over his shoulder at the faculty who would soon evaluate his work.

It has been speculated that it was probably Hölderlin who brought to Hegel's attention the ideas of Heraclitus about the union of opposites, which the philosopher would develop into his concept of dialectics.

Feuerbach became associated with a group known as the Young Hegelians, alternately known as the Left Hegelians, who synthesized a radical offshoot of Hegelian philosophy, interpreting Hegel's dialectic march of spirit through history to mean that existing Western culture and institutional forms — and, in particular, Christianity — would be superseded.

The term ' Right Hegelian ', for example, was never actually used by those it was ascribed to, Hegel's direct successors at the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität ( now the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin ), and was actually first used by David Strauss to describe Bruno Bauer ( who is, confusingly, a typically ' Left ' Hegelian ).

In politics the Young Hegelians dropped much of Hegel's political theory and for the most part turned to republicanism-the exceptions being Moses Hess, who mixed Hegelianism with communism, and of course Marx and Engels.

The Young Hegelians, a number of philosophers who developed Hegel's work in various directions, were in some cases idealists.

Theodor Adorno, a leading philosopher of the Frankfurt School, who was strongly influenced by Hegel, tried to take a middle path between these extremes: Adorno contradicted Hegel's motto " the true is the whole " with his new version, " the whole is the false ," but he wished to preserve critical theory as a negative, oppositional version of the utopia described by Hegel's " spirit.

Evald Vassilievich Ilyenkov (; 18 February 1924, Smolensk – 21 March 1979, Moscow ) was a Marxist author and Soviet philosopher who did original work on the materialist development of Hegel's dialectics.

Wilhelm Dilthey (; 19 November 1833 – 1 October 1911 ) was a German historian, psychologist, sociologist and hermeneutic philosopher, who held Hegel's Chair in Philosophy at the University of Berlin.

Ciezskowski's belief in a personal God, it has been argued, disqualifies him from being a Left Hegelian, who were distinguished from Hegel's more orthodox followers by their generally critical attitude to religion and Christianity.

* Francis Herbert Bradley ( 1846 – 1924 ), a British absolute idealist who adapted Hegel's Metaphysics.

* Benedetto Croce ( 1866 – 1952 ), an Italian philosopher who defended Hegel's account on how we understand history.

For those who are interested in Fackenheim's contribution to the understanding of how strictly rationalist philosophizing can and must be a part of the crown of Jewish existence in our time, worth pondering is Leo Strauss's judgment that Fackenheim's book on Hegel — The Religious Dimension in Hegel's Thought ( 1967 ) — is the strongest alternative to Kojève's atheistic interpretation of Hegel.

They are typically contrasted with the Young Hegelians, who interpreted Hegel's political philosophy to support innovations in politics or religion.

Hegel's historicism could be read to affirm the historical inevitability of modern institutions ; a nation was an Ideal, existing in Hegelian idealism above and about the people who constituted it.

" Indeed it is hard to imagine any sort of life at all if we could not make use of identity, difference, and related concepts such as likeness ; these principles constitute the backbone of Hegel's view of essence.

The Aufhebung conserves the thesis and the antithesis and transcends them both ( Aufheben — this contradiction explains the difficulties of Hegel's thought ).

Hegel's account of history begins with ancient cultures as he understood them.

British idealism was influenced by Hegel at least in broad outline, and undeniably adopted some of Hegel's terminology and doctrines.

His philosophy is clearly influenced by his family's Congregationalism, by Enlightenment humanism, by Hegel's dialectical philosophy of history, and by the philosophers of Transcendentalism and the Second Great Awakening, such as Ralph Waldo Emerson, Margaret Fuller and Bronson Alcott.

His theological rationalism greatly influenced Hegel's own theology.

Following Hegel's theory of dialectic, Baur argued that 2nd century Christianity represented the synthesis of two opposing theses: Jewish Christianity ( Petrine Christianity ) and Gentile Christianity ( Pauline Christianity ).

Exponents of analytic philosophy, which has been the dominant form of Anglo-American philosophy for most of the last century, have criticised Hegel's work as hopelessly obscure.

Martin Heidegger, one of the leading figures of Continental philosophy in the 20th century, sought to distance himself from Hegel's work.

Kierkegaard initiated the school of thought when he reacted against Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel's claims of universal knowledge and what he deemed to be the empty formalities of the 19th century church.