[permalink] [id link]
Heisenberg never used the term collapse, preferring to speak of the wavefunction representing our knowledge of a system, and collapse as the " jumping " of the wavefunction to a new state, representing a " jump " in our knowledge which occurs once a particular phenomenon is registered by the experimenter ( i. e. when an observation takes place ).
from
Wikipedia
Some Related Sentences
Heisenberg and never
In contrast to classical mechanics, where accurate measurements and predictions can be calculated about location and velocity, in the quantum mechanics of a subatomic particle, one can never specify its state, such as its simultaneous location and velocity, with complete certainty ( this is called the Heisenberg uncertainty principle ).
Heisenberg and used
One of the oldest and most commonly used formulations is the " transformation theory " proposed by the late Cambridge theoretical physicist Paul Dirac, which unifies and generalizes the two earliest formulations of quantum mechanics-matrix mechanics ( invented by Werner Heisenberg ) and wave mechanics ( invented by Erwin Schrödinger ).
It was then shown that a Slater determinant, a determinant of one-particle orbitals first used by Heisenberg and Dirac in 1926, trivially satisfies the antisymmetric property of the exact solution and hence is a suitable ansatz for applying the variational principle.
In 1936, Dunning received a Traveling Fellowship, which he used to meet and discuss his neutron physics research with many eminent European nuclear physicists including Niels Bohr, James Chadwick, Fermi, Werner Heisenberg, and Ernest Rutherford.
In November 2008, IBM used the track " L ' Incertitude D ' Heisenberg " in a video about the company's history.
) They are also used to suggest Heisenberg ’ s speed and recklessness which contrasts Bohr ’ s caution and tediousness.
* Infinite Darlene: Infinite Darlene, who used to be a boy named Daryl Heisenberg but who has blossomed since starting to cross-dress, is both the star quarterback and the homecoming queen.
The Classical Heisenberg model is the case of the n-vector model, one of the models used in statistical physics to model ferromagnetism, and other phenomena.
* The general mathematical formalism used to describe and solve the Heisenberg model and certain generalizations is developed in the article on the Potts model.
Heisenberg and term
It appears that the particular term, with its more definite sense, was coined by Heisenberg in the 1950s, while criticizing alternate " interpretations " ( e. g., David Bohm's ) that had been developed.
Heisenberg and collapse
Some argue that the concept of the collapse of a " real " wave function was introduced by Heisenberg and later developed by John Von Neumann in 1932.
The founders of quantum mechanics debated the role of the observer, and of them, Wolfgang Pauli and Werner Heisenberg believed that it was the observer that produced collapse.
According to the interpretation, the interaction of an observer or apparatus that is external to the quantum system is the cause of wave function collapse, thus according to Heisenberg " reality is in the observations, not in the electron ".
The concept of wavefunction collapse was introduced by Werner Heisenberg in his 1927 paper on the uncertainty principle, " Über den anschaulichen Inhalt der quantentheoretischen Kinematic und Mechanik ", and incorporated into the mathematical formulation of quantum mechanics by John von Neumann, in his 1932 treatise Mathematische Grundlagen der Quantenmechanik.
The problem was first formulated in 1929 by Sir Nevill Francis Mott and Werner Heisenberg, illustrating the paradox of the collapse of a spherically symmetric wave function into the linear tracks seen in a cloud chamber.
Heisenberg and wavefunction
Bohr and Heisenberg extended the probabilistic interpretation of the wavefunction proposed originally by Max Born.
To find the wavefunction of the coherent state, it is easiest to employ the Heisenberg picture of the quantum harmonic oscillator for the coherent state.
Heisenberg and representing
According to the uncertainty principle of Heisenberg, if the two operators representing a pair of variables do not commute, then that pair of variables are mutually complementary, which means they cannot be simultaneously measured or known precisely.
Tomonaga and Schwinger invented a relativistically covariant scheme for representing field commutators and field operators intermediate between the two main representations of a quantum system, the Schrödinger and the Heisenberg representations ( see the article on quantum mechanics ).
Heisenberg and knowledge
Chaos theory, the concept of entropy in study of chemistry, and the Heisenberg uncertainty principle in particle physics, all indicate that knowledge and cognition of the world becomes more complex as the level of awareness of it increases.
Heisenberg was impressed by Heim's knowledge, but thought the approach would be impractical.
Heisenberg and system
Drawing an analogy to the Heisenberg uncertainty principle in physics, he argues that many interesting and relevant ecological phenomena cannot be replicated in laboratory conditions, and thus cannot be measured or observed without influencing and changing the system in some way.
It was clear to Heisenberg that in this system, the energy could be exactly conserved in an arbitrary quantum system, a very encouraging sign.
In and out states are states in Heisenberg picture so they should not be thought to describe particles at a definite time, but rather to describe the system of particles in its entire evolution, so that the S-matrix element:
Formulated in 1929 by Sir Nevill Francis Mott and Werner Heisenberg, it was resolved by a calculation done by Mott that showed that the correct quantum mechanical system must include the wave functions for the atoms in the cloud chamber as well as that for the alpha ray.
The Heisenberg uncertainty principle defines limits on how accurately the momentum and position of a single observable system can be known at once.
Heisenberg and new
In 1929, Heisenberg gave a series of invited lectures at the University of Chicago explaining the new field of quantum mechanics.
This limitation was first elucidated by Heisenberg through a thought experiment, and is represented mathematically in the new formalism by the non-commutativity of quantum observables.
Up until that time, attempts to make the old quantum theory of the atom compatible with the theory of relativity, attempts based on discretizing the angular momentum stored in the electron's possibly non-circular orbit of the atomic nucleus, had failed-and the new quantum mechanics of Heisenberg, Pauli, Jordan, Schrödinger, and Dirac himself had not developed sufficiently to treat this problem.
Rosenberg chose his new name from Esquire magazine articles he read about then West German economics minister Ludwig Erhard and the philosopher and physicist Werner Heisenberg.
The Dean of Columbia's Physics Department, George Pegram, was looking for a theoretical physicist to teach statistical mechanics and an advanced course in the new subject of quantum mechanics, and Heisenberg had recommended Rabi.
physical quantities, Heisenberg could form a new array of the same type by
It was at that time that it was announced Heisenberg had won the Prize for 1932 “ for the creation of quantum mechanics, the application of which has, inter alia, led to the discovery of the allotropic forms of hydrogen ” and Erwin Schrödinger and Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac shared the 1933 Prize " for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory ".
Heisenberg told me that these talks had helped him a lot with his work in physics, because they showed him that all these new ideas in quantum physics were in fact not all that crazy.
Heisenberg and state
There, apart from the Heisenberg, or Schrödinger ( position or momentum ), or phase-space representations, one also encounters the Fock ( number ) representation and the Segal – Bargmann ( Fock-space or coherent state ) representation ( named after Irving Segal and Valentine Bargmann ).
Because of the zero-point energy, the position and momentum of the oscillator in the ground state are not fixed ( as they would be in a classical oscillator ), but have a small range of variance, in accordance with the Heisenberg uncertainty principle.
In particular, the non-unitary dynamics are represented by, whereas the unitary dynamics of the state are represented by the usual Heisenberg commutator.
So the coherent state is an eigenstate of the annihilation operator in the Heisenberg picture.
In physics, the Heisenberg picture is a formulation ( made by Werner Heisenberg while on Heligoland in the 1920s ) of quantum mechanics in which the operators ( observables and others ) incorporate a dependency on time, but the state vectors are time-independent.
In the Heisenberg picture of quantum mechanics the state vector,, does not change with time, and an observable A satisfies
In the alternative Heisenberg picture, state vectors are kept constant, at the price of having the operators ( in particular the observables ) be time-dependent.
0.414 seconds.