* 1593 – Pierre Barrière fails in his attempt to assassinate King Henry IV of France.

* 1503 – King James IV of Scotland marries Margaret Tudor, daughter of King Henry VII of England at Holyrood Abbey in Edinburgh, Scotland.

* 1572 – Marriage in Paris, France of the Huguenot King Henry IV of Navarre to Margaret of Valois, in a supposed attempt to reconcile Protestants and Catholics.

Bilingual Franco-Turkish translation of the 1604 Franco-Ottoman alliance | Franco-Ottoman Capitulations between Sultan Ahmed I and Henry IV of France, published by François Savary de Brèves in 1615.

* 1598 – Henry IV of France issues the Edict of Nantes, allowing freedom of religion to the Huguenots.

Although some sources state that Ealdred attended the coronation of Emperor Henry IV, this is not possible, as on the date that Henry was crowned, Ealdred was in England consecrating an abbot.

He enhanced this by bribing the German king Henry IV with 360, 000 gold pieces to attack the Normans in Italy, which forced the Normans to concentrate on their defenses at home in 1083 – 1084.

In 1474, King Henry IV of Castile died without a male heir.

Isabella died in 1455 and Afonso married again ( although not recognized by the Papacy ) in 1475, this time to Joanna of Castile ( known as " La Beltraneja "), daughter of Henry IV of Castile and Joan of Portugal.

This marriage was an attempt to inherit the throne of Castile as Joan was the sole daughter of Henry IV.

* Alfonso of Castile, Prince of Asturias, figurehead of rebelling magnates against his brother King Henry IV of Castile.

The reigns of King Przemysł II of Poland ( 1296 ), William the Silent of the Netherlands ( 1584 ), and the French kings Henry III ( 1589 ) and Henry IV ( 1610 ) were all ended by assassins.

In 1600, after the Treaty of Vervins, conflict returned between Henry IV of France and Savoy, and Lesdiguières retook Barcelonnette until the conclusion of the Treaty of Lyon on 17 January the following year.

Warbeck was proclaimed King Richard IV in Bodmin but Henry had little difficulty crushing the uprising.

He thus broke allegiance with Philip and assembled a broad coalition including Emperor Otto IV, King John I of England, Duke Henry I of Brabant, Count William I of Holland, Duke Theobald I of Lorraine, and Duke Henry III of Limburg.

Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. in his famous article, " The Path of the Law ", commented, " It is revolting to have no better reason for a rule of law than that so it was laid down in the time of Henry IV.

Some notable collectors were Pope Boniface VIII, Emperor Maximilian of the Holy Roman Empire, Louis XIV of France, Ferdinand I, Henry IV of France and Elector Joachim II of Brandenburg, who started the Berlin Coin Cabinet ( German: Münzkabinett Berlin ).

* then to Henry III of Navarre, who became Henry IV of France, of the House of Bourbon, a cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty.

** Henry IV ( 1589 – 1610 )

* Henry IV ( 1589 – 1610 )

By the time of Henry IV, bargaining by the peasants for the benefit of the group was the norm.

Civil war between King Pedro of Castile and his half-brother Henry of Trastámara led to the exile of many Castilian nobles to Portugal.

Catharine of Aragon ( Castilian: Catalina de Aragón ; ; 16 December 1485 – 7 January 1536 ) was the Spanish Queen consort of England as the first wife of King Henry VIII of England and Princess of Wales as the wife to Arthur, Prince of Wales.

The death of King Henry IV of Castile in 1474 set off a struggle for power called the War of the Castilian Succession ( 1475-1479 ).

* John of Gaunt, the uncle of Richard II of England, makes peace with Castile and gives up his claim to the Castilian throne by allowing his daughter Katherine of Lancaster to marry Prince Henry, the eldest son of John I of Castile.

Later in the year, Henry II arranged with Edward VI of England the release of all remaining Castilian prisoners.

When the majority of the Castilian nobles refused to accept a Portuguese sovereign, and welcomed the former king's illegitimate half-brother as Henry II of Castile, Ferdinand allied himself with the Moors and Aragonese ; but in 1371 Pope Gregory XI intervened, and it was decided that Ferdinand should renounce his claim and marry Eleanor, the daughter of his successful rival.

Shortly after the army returned to Portugal, John of Gaunt concluded a secret treaty with John of Trastámara under which he and his wife renounced all claim to the Castilian throne in return for a large annual payment and the marriage of their daughter Catherine to John of Trastámara's son Henry.

But in 1373 Henry of Trastámara, now firmly installed as King of Castile and victorious in war against England's ally Portugal, forced Charles of Navarre to agree to a marriage alliance, to surrender the disputed border fortresses he had held on to since the Castilian civil war, and to close his borders to any army of John of Gaunt.

In order to placate the Castilian King he now agreed for his eldest son, the future Charles III of Navarre, to marry Henry of Trastámara's daughter Leonora in May 1375.

Peter's rival Henry of Trastámara continuously depicted Peter as " King of the Jews ", and had some success in taking advantage of popular Castilian resentment towards the Jews.

Henry III KG ( 4 October 1379 – 25 December 1406 ), sometimes known as Henry the Sufferer or Henry the Infirm (, ), was the son of John I and Eleanor of Aragon, and succeeded him as King of the Castilian Crown in 1390.

During his reign, the Castilian fleet won several victories against the English ; Henry sent a naval fleet in 1400 that destroyed Tétouan in North Africa, a pirate base.

This definitively won him the Castilian throne and the name of Henry II.

The Castilian Civil War ( 1366 to 1369 ) ended with the death of King Peter ( r. 1334-1369 ) at the hands of his illegitimate half-brother Henry, 1st Count of Trastámara who ruled as Henry II ( r. 1369 – 1379 ).

In the years to follow, the Queen tried a coup-d ' etat with the help of her family ; Peter, married to an Aragonese whose family fought for Castilian power against the Queen's family, managed to send her back to Castile, appeased older Afonso giving him the Duchy of Braganza and conquered the thrust of his sons by promising them military titles, married his daughter to the young King, and assumed the Regency, establishing himself as the most powerful man in Portugal with the help of his brother Henry.

After Henry ’ s IV death ( 1474 ), the Castilian crown was disputed between the half sister of the king, Isabella I of Castile, married with Prince Ferdinand II of Aragon, and the king ’ s daughter, Juana de Trastámara, popularly known as la Beltraneja-because her father was alleged to be Beltrán de La Cueva.

When Henry died in 1474, she was recognized as monarch by some noble factions, while other recognized her half-aunt as Queen Isabella I of Castile initiating a four-year War of the Castilian Succession.

In 1406, upon the death of his elder brother, king Henry III of Castile, Ferdinand declined the Castilian crown and instead, with Henry's widow Catherine of Lancaster, became coregent during the minority of his nephew John II of Castile.

He was born between 1388 and 1390 at Cañete, in what is now the province of Cuenca, as the natural son of the Castilian noble don Álvaro Martínez de Luna, copero mayor ( the page who poured drinks to a nobleman ) of king Henry III of Castile, and María Fernández de Jarana, a common woman of great character and beauty.

One of the first registered uses of coastal artillery was in 1381-during the war between Ferdinand I of Portugal and Henry II of Castile-when the troops of the King of Portugal used cannons to defend Lisbon against an attack from the Castilian naval fleet.

Giron belonged to an eminent Castilian family descending from Portugal, ; an ambitious intriguer, more anxious about his family interests than about those of his order, he played an important part as a leader in the factions which disturbed the wretched reigns of John II and Henry IV, the last two lamentably weak descendants of St. Ferdinand of Castile.