While the city withstood a siege, Heraclius campaigned deep into Persian territory and briefly restored the status quo in 628, when the Persians surrendered all their conquests.

In 610, though, Heraclius took the throne of Constantinople and began a successful counter-attack, expelling the Persians and invading Media and Assyria.

The Byzantine Emperor, Heraclius, promised to restore Jewish rights and received Jewish help in defeating the Persians, but he soon reneged on the agreement after reconquering Palestine by issuing an edict banning Judaism from the Byzantine Empire.

Serving their partner in wars against the Abbasid Caliphate, Khazars aided the Byzantine emperor Heraclius ( reigned 610 – 641 ) by sending an army of 40, 000 soldiers in their campaign against the Persians in the Byzantine – Sassanid War of 602 – 628.

When the Byzantine or Eastern Roman emperor Heraclius ejected the Persians in 630 AD, he expelled the city's Jews.

* 627: Emperor Heraclius defeats the Persians, ending the Roman-Persian Wars.

* Heraclius — Warrior Emperor of Byzantium who won numerous victories against the Sassanids ( Persians )

* December 12 – Battle of Nineveh: Emperor Heraclius defeats the Persians, ending the Roman-Persian Wars.

Finally, in 627, the Byzantine Emperor Heraclius surrounded the city, the capital of the Sassanid Empire, leaving it after the Persians accepted his peace terms.

Heraclius had set out to much of his Empire from the Persians and had attempted to bridge the controversy with Monophysitism, which was particularly strong in Syria and Egypt, by proposing a moderate theological position that had as good support in the tradition as any other.

While the Persians proved largely successful during the first stages of the war, conquering much of the Levant, Egypt, and even parts of Anatolia, the ascendancy of Heraclius eventually led to the Persians ' demise.

Heraclius ' campaigns altered the balance, forcing the Persians on the defensive and allowing for the Byzantines to regain momentum.

Heraclius feigned retreat to lead the Persians to the plains before reversing his troops to the surprise of the Persians.

Heraclius, in 612, managed to expel the Persians from Anatolia, but was decisively defeated in 613 when he launched a major offensive in Syria against the Persians.

After his overwhelming victories over the Persians and their allies in the Caucasus and Armenia, Heraclius, in 627, launched a winter offensive against the Persians in Mesopotamia winning a decisive victory at the Battle of Nineveh thus threatening the Persian capital city of Ctesiphon.

The manuscript appears to have been composed as propaganda in support of Emperor Heraclius ( 575-641 AD ) shortly after he defeated the Persians in the Byzantine-Sassanid War of 602 – 628.

The Theotokos ' intercession, asked through veneration and prayer before the icon, was credited with saving Constantinople from the Persians during the reign of Heraclius and later from the Arabs.

Finding an interval of peace amid their own quarrels, the Persians demanded Heraclius II to renounce the treaty with Russia in return for peace and the security of his kingdom.

The last surviving Georgian artillery briefly held the advancing Persians to allow Heraclius II and his retinue of some 150 men to escape through the city to the mountains.

Other legends explain that in 614, that portion of the cross was carried away from the church by the Persians, and remained missing until it was recaptured by the Byzantine Emperor Heraclius in 628.

In 1187, Saladin invaded the kingdom, and when Guy marched out to meet him, he asked Heraclius to march along with him at the head of the army with the relic of the True Cross.

Forebears of Croatia's current Slav population settled there in the 7th century following the Avars, reportedly under instructions from Byzantine emperor Heraclius. However, that Avaro-Slavic alliance was conquered and wiped out from Croatia.

The same year, another Russo-Turkish broke out, and in May 1769, Solomon traveled to Tbilisi to meet with Heraclius II.

In 1184, Torroja set out with Patriarch Heraclius and Grand Master Roger de Moulins of the Knights Hospitaller to gather European support for the Kingdom of Jerusalem.

– His Gratitude to the Romans – The Chagan of the Avars – Revolt of the Army Against Maurice – His Death – Tyranny of Phocas – Elevation of Heraclius – The Persian War – Chosroes Subdues Syria, Egypt, and Asia Minor – Siege of Constantinople by the Persians and Avars – Victories and Triumph of Heraclius

The Byzantines regrouped and pushed back in 622 under Heraclius.

In 630, Emperor Heraclius marched triumphantly into Jerusalem and restored the True Cross to the rebuilt Church of the Holy Sepulchre.

Of particular note was the translation of the Latin Imperator into the Greek Basileus, after Emperor Heraclius changed the official language of the empire from Roman to Greek in 620 AD.

* Autumn – winter – The Byzantine general Heraclius, brother of Tiberius III, launches a campaign into Syria, defeats an army from Antioch and raids as far as Samosata.

In 635, Kubrat signed a peace treaty with emperor Heraclius of the Byzantine Empire, expanding the Bulgar kingdom further into the Balkans.

By the early 7th century, the official government language segued into Greek during the lengthy reign of Heraclius ( 610 – 641 ).

The death of Heraclius in 641 had thrown the political situation in Constantinople into chaos, and his young grandson Constans II eventually succeeded him.

His position as the personal secretary to Heraclius has been taken as an indication that Maximus was born into Byzantine nobility.

Heraclius effected his retreat through the desert into Tripolitania, holding the position for two years until recalled ; Marcellinus retired to Sicily, where he was reached by Basiliscus ; the general was, however, assassinated, perhaps at the instigation of Ricimer, by one of his own captains ; and the king of the Vandals expressed his surprise and satisfaction, that the Romans themselves would remove from the world his most formidable antagonists.

Princeps, because of its republican connotation, was most commonly used to refer to the emperor in Latin ( although the emperor's actual constitutional position was essentially " pontifex maximus with tribunician power and imperium superseding all others ") as it was in keeping with the façade of the restored Republic ; the Greek word basileus (" king ") was modified to be synonymous with emperor ( and primarily came into favour after the reign of Heraclius ) as the Greeks had no republican sensibility and openly viewed the emperor as a monarch.

Emperor Constantine Porphyrogenitus claimed that Porga, duke of the Dalmatian Croats, who had been invited into Dalmatia by Heraclius, sent to Emperor Heraclius for Christian teachers.

Furthermore, its illegality paled into insignificance beside Heraclius ' marriage to his niece Martina the same year.

Furthermore, the ascendency of Heraclius in 610, in Constantinople, who truly emphasized the Laventine, and Greek nature of what remained of the Roman Empire, may have contributed to turning the Eastern Roman Empire into the medieval Byzantine Empire.

This idea was not completely new ; centuries before, Heraclius had reorganized the empire's land into military districts called Themata.

The title appears to have slowly crept into imperial titelature after that: Emperor Heraclius is attested as using it alongside the long-established Autokratōr Kaisar in a letter to Kavadh II in 628.

Still, Heraclius continued to seek firmer alliance with Russia, his immediate motivation being the Persian ruler Karim Khan ’ s attempts to bring Georgia back into the Persian sphere of influence.

Karim Khan ’ s death in 1779 temporarily relieved Heraclius of these dangers, as Persia again became engulfed into chaos.

In the Treaty of Georgievsk of 1783, Heraclius finally obtained the guarantees he had sought from Russia, transforming Georgia into a Russian protectorate, as Heraclius formally repudiated all legal ties to Persia and placed his foreign policy under the Russian supervision.

Heraclius refused, and in September 1795, the Persian army of 35, 000 moved into Georgia.

Despite being left on his devices, Heraclius still cherished a dream of establishing, with Russian protection, a strong and united monarchy, into which the western Georgian Kingdom of Imereti and the lost provinces under Ottoman rule would all eventually be drawn.

Saladin was generous and freed some of those who were forced into slavery ; his brother Saphadin did the same, and both Balian and Heraclius freed many others with their own money.