Situated near the mouth of the Columbia River, the city was named after the American investor John Jacob Astor.

British explorer David Thompson was the first European to navigate the entire length of the Columbia River in 1811.

Includes chapter " Astoria and the Columbia River.

Category: Populated places on the Columbia River

It refers to the Columbia District, the British name for the territory drained by the Columbia River, in southeastern British Columbia, which was the namesake of the pre-Oregon Treaty Columbia Department of the Hudson's Bay Company.

The coldest temperature in British Columbia was recorded in Smith River, where it dropped to, one of the coldest readings recorded anywhere in North America.

* Iskut Canyon Cone, a cinder cone of the Iskut-Unuk River Cones group in northwestern British Columbia, Canada

* Machmel River Cone, a cinder cone in the Pacific Ranges section of the Coast Mountains in British Columbia, Canada

* Snippaker Creek Cone, a cinder cone of the Iskut-Unuk River Cones group in northwestern British Columbia, Canada

* King Creek Cone, a subglacial mound of the Iskut-Unuk River Cones group in northwestern British Columbia, Canada

Increasingly, hydro-power operations are required to meet standards under the U. S. Endangered Species Act and other agreements to manage operations to minimize impacts on salmon and other fish, and some conservation and fishing groups support removing four dams on the lower Snake River, the largest tributary of the Columbia.

seine fishing | Seining salmon on the Columbia River, 1914

Some of the Columbia and Snake River dams employ fish ladders, which are effective to varying degrees at allowing these fish to travel upstream.

Of the 227 major dams in the Columbia River drainage basin, the four Washington dams on the lower Snake River are often identified for removal, notably in an ongoing lawsuit concerning a Bush administration plan for salmon recovery.

, 1 million US gallons ( 3, 785 m < sup > 3 </ sup >) of highly radioactive waste is traveling through groundwater toward the Columbia River.

Water quality is also an important factor in the survival of other wildlife and plants that grow in the Columbia River drainage basin.

The states, Indian tribes, and federal government are all engaged in efforts to restore and improve the water, land, and air quality of the Columbia River drainage basin and have committed to work together to enhance and accomplish critical ecosystem restoration efforts.

The ecoregion includes the mainstem Columbia north of the Snake River and tributaries such as the Yakima, Okanagan, Pend Oreille, Clark Fork, and Kootenay Rivers.

It includes the mainstem Columbia below the Snake River and tributaries such as the Salmon, John Day, Deschutes, and lower Snake Rivers.

This divide meets the Continental Divide at Snow Dome ( also known as Dome ), near the northernmost bend of the Columbia River.

The Columbia, Colorado, and Mississippi watersheds meet at Three Waters Mountain in the Wind River Range of To the south, in Oregon, Nevada, Utah, Idaho, and Wyoming, the Columbia watershed is divided from the Great Basin, whose several watersheds are endorheic, not emptying into any ocean but rather drying up or sinking into sumps.

During Thompson's 1811 voyage down the Columbia River he camped at the junction with the Snake River on July 9, 1811, and erected a pole and a notice claiming the country for Great Britain and stating the intention of the North West Company to build a trading post at the site.

Throughout the 1820s and 1830s, the HBC controlled nearly all trading operations in the Pacific Northwest, based out of the company headquarters at Fort Vancouver on the Columbia River.

He later formed subsidiaries: the Pacific Fur Company, and the Southwest Fur Company ( in which Canadians had a part ), in order to control fur trading in the Columbia River and Great Lakes areas.

* 1824 – The Fort Vancouver trading post is established on the lower Columbia River by the Hudson's Bay Company.

* March 15 – Victoria, British Columbia, is founded by the Hudson's Bay Company as a trading post and fort.

* The Fort Vancouver trading post is established on the lower Columbia River by the Hudson's Bay Company.

The Hudson's Bay Company had nearly a complete monopoly on trading ( and most governing issues ) in the Columbia District, or Oregon Country as it was referred to by the Americans, and also in Rupert's Land ( western Canada ).

The treaty granted the Hudson's Bay Company navigation rights on the Columbia River for supplying their fur posts, clear titles to their trading post properties allowing them to be sold later if they wanted, and left the British with good anchorages at Vancouver and Victoria, British Columbia.

* Columbia District, the trading district of the Columbia Department of the Hudson's Bay Company from 1821 to the Oregon Treaty of 1846, by which most of the Columbia District was formally annexed to the United States.

Michael Linton originated the term " local exchange trading system " in 1983 and for a time ran the Comox Valley LETSystems in Courtenay, British Columbia.

Celilo Falls on the Columbia River served as a gathering place and major trading center for the local Native Americans, including the Wasco, Paiute, and Warm Springs tribes, for thousands of years.

Founded in 1820, Columbia served as a major trading center for communities throughout the Wiregrass Region of Alabama between 1822-1833.

The HBC's trading network made extensive use of the Columbia River.

The rapids of the Columbia River at The Dalles was the largest and longest of the four " great portages ", where fur trading boats had to unload and transship their cargoes.

During David Thompson's 1811 voyage down the Columbia River he camped at the junction with the Snake River on July 9, 1811, and erected a pole and a notice claiming the country for Great Britain and stating the intention of the North West Company to build a trading post at the site.

Fort Vancouver was a 19th century fur trading outpost along the Columbia River that served as the headquarters of the Hudson's Bay Company in the company's Columbia District ( which covered the northern half of the region known to Americans as the Oregon Country ).

To protect their interests north of the Columbia River, they sought to set up a headquarters somewhere along the northern bank that would secure the area and act as the hub for their fur trading in the Pacific Northwest ; replacing Fort George ( Fort Astoria ) in that capacity as it was on the river's south bank and not as convenient to the inland trade.

In 1849, the U. S. Army set up the Columbia Barracks ( later renamed Vancouver Barracks ) on a rise 20 feet ( 6 m ) above the trading post, fronting 1, 200 yards ( 1100 m ) on the river with buildings on a line 2, 000 yards ( 1800 m ) from the water.

To solidify these 250-year old claims, in the late 18th century Spain established a military and trading outpost in today's British Columbia and performed " acts of sovereignty " in Alaska.

A British Columbia Securities Commission panel imposed trading sanctions against Russell James Bennett and Harbanse Singh Doman and ordered them along with former B. C.