The oldest known physical representations identified as symbols for abstract concepts are abstract engravings found on two pieces of ochre in Blombos Cave, South Africa, in 2001.

There are groups of drawings by Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo, ( including his only surviving full-scale cartoon ), Dürer ( a collection of 138 drawings is one of the finest in existence ), Peter Paul Rubens, Rembrandt, Claude and Watteau, and largely complete collections of the works of all the great printmakers including Dürer ( 99 engravings, 6 etchings and most of his 346 woodcuts ), Rembrandt and Goya.

The personal, improvisatory and creative traditions of Western European religious art are largely lacking in Russia before the 17th century, when Simon Ushakov's painting became strongly influenced by religious paintings and engravings from Protestant as well as Catholic Europe.

Noteworthy are also the many special collections at Leiden University Library among which those of the Society of Dutch Literature ( 1766 ) and the collection of casts and engravings.

Its walls are covered with paintings and engravings dating back to between 27, 000 and 19, 000 BC, depicting animals such as bison, ibex, and horses, as well as sea mammals such as seals, and at least one bird, the auk.

Among these engravings are a depiction of the arrival of British troops in 1768 ( which he termed " an insolent parade ") and a famous depiction of the March 1770 Boston Massacre ( see illustration ).

The 100 pianos are identical to John Lennon's white piano with the exception that the limited pianos feature drawings, lyrics and notes by John Lennon and incorporate laser engravings of his signature.

Scattered among the caves and overhangs are Aboriginal rock art and engravings.

There are also Aboriginal sites, military fortifications and historic sites stretching back to the early years of the colony, plus archaeological features and over a thousand engravings at the Quarantine Station.

In engravings and line drawings, regions to be tinctured argent are either left blank or indicated with the abbreviation ar.

For example, the late W. R. Rearick gave him Il Tramonte ( see Gallery ) and he is an alternative choice for a number of drawings that might be by Titian or Giorgione, and both are sometimes credited with the design of some of his engravings.

Among the best known of his plates are the drawings of Paris ( Paris et ses monuments, 1803 ), the engravings for Denon's Égypte, the illustrations of Napoleon's wars ( La Colonne de la grande armée ), and those contained in the series entitled the Grand prix de l ' architecture, which for some time he carried on alone.

Aschaffenburg's chief buildings are the Schloss Johannisburg, built 1605 – 1614 by Archbishop Schweikard von Kronberg, which contains a library with a number of incunabula, a collection of engravings and paintings ; the Pompejanum, a replica of a Roman town house discovered in Pompeii commissioned by King Ludwig I. and opened in 1850 ; the Stiftskirche basilica, founded in 974 by Otto of Swabia, duke of Bavaria, but dating in the main from the early 12th century on, in which are preserved various monuments by the Vischers, a sarcophagus with the relics of Saint Margaret, and a famous painting by Matthias Grünewald ; the Capuchin hospital ; a theatre, which was formerly a house of the Teutonic Order ; several mansions of the nobility ; and the beautiful, historical " Altstadt " ( the oldest section of Aschaffenburg ).

Works of art which are covered by this resale right are " works of graphic or plastic art such as pictures, collages, paintings, drawings, engravings, prints, lithographs, sculptures, tapestries, ceramics, glassware and photographs, provided they are made by the artist herself or himself or are copies which have been made in limited numbers by the artist or under his or her authority.

Several of his engravings are supposed to be executed on some metal less hard than copper.

The whole construction was made with duranguense quarry onto which engravings are stamped to give it a touch of distinction above all other buildings of its kind.

Black and white engravings and photographs of all the past Prime Ministers decorate the wall ; they are rearranged slightly to make room for a new picture of the most recent former Prime Minister.

Currency has since been printed primarily by the intaglio method, whereby fine-line engravings are transferred to steel plates from which an impression is made on sheets of distinctive paper.

His paintings remain world renowned, but his woodcuts and engravings, like those he did for Jerrold, are where he really excelled as an artist with an individual vision.

Actual evidence for this is scarce, and engravings of turnspit dogs from the 19th century do not show much resemblance to the modern Glen.

Badges of the Arizona Rangers, which were first issued in 1903 were solid silver five-pointed ball-tipped stars, lettered in blue enamel with engravings etched in blue, and are a valuable collectible.

Aldegrever's some 290 engravings and woodcuts, chiefly from his own designs, are delicate and minute, though somewhat hard in style, and entitle him to a place in the front rank of the so-called " Little Masters ": Barthel Beham, his brother Hans Sebald Beham, and Georg Pencz, with whom he is often compared.

These engravings were then used as masters for making the electrotype copies for the actual printing of the books.

Watercolors were the used as the basic document from which collectible landscape or tourist engravings were developed, and handpainted watercolor originals or copies of famous paintings contributed to many upper class art portfolios.

He caused engravings to be made, at his own expense, of Bartoli's copies from ancient pictures and published Nouveaux sujets de peinture et de sculpture ( 1755 ) and Tableaux tirés de l ' Iliade, de l ' Odyssée, et de l ' Enéide ( 1757 ).

Martin began to experiment with mezzotint technology, and as a result was commissioned to produce 24 engravings for a new edition of Paradise Lost — perhaps the definitive illustrations of Milton ’ s masterpiece, of which copies now fetch many hundreds of pounds.

The library owns copies of works by Redouté, the first artist to exploit fully the potential of color printing of stipple engravings in such renowned books as Les Roses or the multi-volume Liliacées, and works by other masters of the period, including Georg Dionysius Ehret ’ s Plantae et papiliones rariores, 1748-1759.

The engravings were published by Raimondi in 1524, and led to his imprisonment by Pope Clement VII and the destruction of all copies of the illustrations.

He also produced a few engravings, including copies of works by Martin Schongauer and Albrecht Dürer.

500 copies, hand printed by Anais and her lover Gonzalo Moré ( as Gemor Press ), with engravings by her husband Ian Hugo ( Hugh or Hugo Guiler ).

His drawings and engravings show the influence of others, notably Antonio Pollaiuolo with his interest in the proportions of the body, Mantegna, Lorenzo di Credi and others.

The account which has come down to us from Vasari ( as usual keen to assert that everything flows from Florence ) is that Mantegna began engraving in Rome, prompted by the engravings produced by the Florentine Baccio Baldini after Sandro Botticelli.

This is now considered most unlikely as it would consign all the numerous and elaborate engravings made by Mantegna to the last sixteen or seventeen years of his life, which seems a scanty space for them, and besides the earlier engravings indicate an earlier period of his artistic style.

To Goujon is usually attributed the engravings of the French version of Francesco Colonna's Songe de Poliphile ( 1546 ), based on the engravings of the original edition ( which may be due to the studio of Mantegna ).

" His models were niellos and copper engravings from the workshops of Jacopo de Barbari and Albrecht Dürer.

During the same period Dürer trained himself in the difficult art of using the burin to make engravings.

Dürer made large numbers of preparatory drawings, especially for his paintings and engravings, and many survive, most famously the Betende Hände ( English: Praying Hands, c. 1508 Albertina, Vienna ), a study for an apostle in the Heller altarpiece.

However, in 1513 and 1514 Dürer created his three most famous engravings: Knight, Death, and the Devil ( 1513, probably based on Erasmus's treatise Enichiridion militis Christiani ), St. Jerome in his Study, and the much-debated Melencolia I ( both 1514 ).

* List of engravings by Dürer

The collection consists in approximatively 2, 000 paintings ( including pictures by Nicolas Poussin, Anthony Van Dyck, Hyacinthe Rigaud, Jean-Honoré Fragonard, Hubert Robert and Ingres ), 600 pieces of decorative arts, 600 architectural elements, nearly 15, 000 medals, 3, 700 sculptures, 20, 000 drawings including works by Paolo Veronese, Primaticcio, Jacques Bellange, Michelangelo, Charles Le Brun, Nicolas Poussin, Claude Gellée, Dürer, Rembrandt, Ingres, François Boucher or Pierre Alechinsky, 45, 000 architectural drawings, 100, 000 etchings and engravings, 70, 000 photographs ( mainly form the period 1850-1914 ), 65, 000 books dating from the 15th to the 20th century ( 3, 500 for the 15th and 16th centuries ), and 1, 000 handwritten pieces of archive ( letters, inventories, notes ...) and also 390 important fragments or complete illuminated manuscripts.

There are also several original engravings by Rembrandt and Dürer, such as the ' Greater Passion ' and the ' Car of Maximillian '.