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His forced conversions or evictions carried out in the midst of the Thirty Years ' War, which with the later general success of the Protestants therefore had greatly negative consequences for Habsburg control of the Holy Roman Empire itself, while these campaigns within the Habsburg hereditary lands were largely successful in religiously purifying his demesnes, leaving the Austrian Emperors thereafter with much greater control within their hereditary power base — although Hungary was never successfully re-Catholicized — but one much reduced in population and economic might while less vigorous and weakened as a nation-state.
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forced and conversions
In Spain persecution of the highly integrated and successful Jewish community began, including massacres and forced conversions.
In October 1946, in its first special session for 75 years, the Vatican excommunicated Tito and the Yugoslav government for sentencing Stepinac to 16 years in prison on charges of assisting Ustaše terror and of supporting forced conversions of Serbs to Catholicism.
Many Jews were forced to convert, and due to suspicion by the authorities of fake conversions, the new converts were also forced to wear identifying clothing.
* Pax Romana statement of Macram Max Gassis, Bishop of El Obeid, to the Fiftieth Session of the UN Commission on Human Rights, Geneva, February 1994 of widespread destruction of hundreds of churches, forced conversions of Christians to Islam, concentration camps, genocide of the Nuba people, systematic rape of women, enslavement of children, torture of priests and clerics, burning alive of pastors and catechists, crucifixion and mutilation of priests.
Usually, the results were not so drastic ; they could mean formal recognition by the defeated side of the superiority of the winning party, forced conversions, or, as in the case of the Council of Lhasa, which was conducted by Indians, banishment of the losers.
Despite forced conversions to Catholicism ( as evidenced by the establishment of a mission at each surviving pueblo ) by the Spanish, the Pueblo tribes have been able to maintain much of their traditional lifestyle.
Although the Pharisees did not support the wars of expansion of the Hasmoneans and the forced conversions of the Idumeans, the political rift between them became wider when a Pharisee suggested that the Hasmonean king Alexander Jannaeus choose between being king and being High Priest.
Small wars in the provinces of Languedoc and Guyenne show Catholic and Calvinist groups using destruction of churches, iconoclasm, forced conversions, and the execution of heretics as weapons of choice.
Indeed, he is credited with advocating forced conversions of local Jewry, as well as mob violence against Jews who refused.
The invasions of Tippu Sultan and devastation of many Christians and churches from Koodungallur to Kunnamkulam and forced conversions of Thomas Christians to Islam happened in this period.
Henry of Trastámara instigated pogroms beginning a period of anti-Jewish riots and forced conversions in Castile that lasted approximately from 1370 to 1390.
A phylogeographic study in 2008 of 1150 volunteer Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups appeared to support the idea that the number of forced conversions has been significantly underestimated, as 20 % of the tested Iberian population had haplogroups consistent with Sephardic ancestry.
Nethanel's son Yakob ben Nethanel Ibn al-Fayyumi turned to Maimonides, asking urgently for counsel on how to deal with forced conversions to Islam and religious persecutions at the hand of Saladin.
Although the Pharisees had opposed the wars of expansion of the Hasmoneans and the forced conversions of the Idumeans, the political rift between them became wider when Pharisees demanded that the Hasmonean king Alexander Jannaeus choose between being king and being High Priest.
Since the invasion Mandaeans, like other Iraqi ethno-religious minorities ( such as Assyrians, Armenians, Yazidi, Roma and Shabaks ), have been subjected to violence, including murders, kidnappings, rapes, evictions, and forced conversions.
When Christian conversion efforts on the part of Granada's first archbishop, Hernando de Talavera, brought Muslim opposition, Cardinal Jimenez de Cisneros took stronger measures: with forced conversions, burning Islamic texts, and prosecuting many of Granada's Muslims.
Some Catholic priests ran their own private armies, and in some areas forced conversions, looting, shelling and demolition of pagodas occurred.
Numerous forced conversions to Catholicism, or exile, followed.
Thakkur " the darkest period in Sind history ", with the records speaking of massive forced conversions, temple destruction, slaughters and genocides ; the people of Sindh, described as inherently pacifist due to their Hindu / Buddhist religious inclinations, had to adjust to the conditions of " barbarian inroad ".
Instead Josephus explains that Antipater's family converted to Judaism during the forced conversions by the Sadducee-influenced Hasmonean leader John Hyrcanus.
In the mid 1890s, he conducted a campaign in Kafiristan and followed up his conquest with forced religious conversions, the region thenceforth being known as Nuristan, the " Land of Light ".
Whereas developers had earlier been forced to write their own code to convert their QuickDraw on-screen display to PostScript for printing, under the new printer architecture such conversions would be provided by the OS.
Buddhism was once dominant through much of India ; it had, however, begun to decline by the 12th century due to Muslim invasions and forced conversions ( see Decline of Buddhism in India ).
forced and evictions
Many academics have vigorously criticized UN-Habitat and the World Bank arguing that their ' Cities Without Slums ' Campaign has led directly to a massive increase in forced evictions.
His work has been cited and criticized by Arab writers for failing to use the evidence he found of forced evictions of Palestinians in 1948 from their homes and land.
These evictions were part of a wider event that came to be known as the Highland Clearances, during which people whose culture had existed there for millennia were forced to emigrate.
Architectural model, redevelopment plans, and structural testing by Albert Speer, forced evictions, and preliminary demolitions got underway in the mid-late 1930s.
After a few forced evictions by the Italian Police in the 1950s the authorities ordered the destruction of all first floor stairways and rooftops.
As a consequence of these riots, evictions, forced removals and expropriation of black properties were stopped ; urban blacks were no longer regarded as temporary residents and their permanent status was recognised.
The lack of legal protection from forced eviction, and lack of regulation of existing standards has left an accountability gap which increases the vulnerability of marginalized people, particularly those living in poverty, to human rights abuses including forced evictions.
Under his authority timber was felled for sale, the cleared land was leased to sheep farmers and many of his clansmen were forced from the land by increasing rents and evictions, with the great majority forced to go to British North America ( His clan primarily in Glengarry County, Ontario ) in part of what was later known as the Highland Clearances.
Although Scott wrote of Glengarry in his misleading hagiography " He is a kind of Quixote in our age, having retained, in their full extent, the whole feelings of clanship and chieftainship, elsewhere so long abandoned ", under his authority timber was felled for sale, the cleared land was leased to sheep farmers and many of his clansmen were forced from the land by increasing rents and evictions.
He continued the evictions to make way for sheep farmers which his mother began when his father was chieftain, and most of the clan was forced to emigrate to British North America, as part of what was later known as the Highland Clearances.
The forced evictions were part of government efforts to demonstrate that the emergency relief period was over and that the affected population were capable of rebuilding their lives without foreign aid.
" Kothari called upon the Sudanese government to ensure safety and adequate housing to all those affected by the dams and warned the projects " would lead to large-scale forced evictions and further violence.
forced and carried
Although leftist guerrillas and right-wing death squads also engaged in summary executions, forced disappearances, and torture of noncombatants, the vast majority of human rights violations were carried out by the Guatemalan military and the PACs they controlled.
He was forced to do women's work and to wear women's clothes, while she wore the skin of the Nemean Lion and carried his olive-wood club.
In 1954, however, a partial collectivization was carried out, with peasants being urged, and often forced, into agricultural co-operatives.
According to HRW, those extrajudicial executions would qualify as forced disappearances if they had been carried out by agents of the government or on its behalf, but nevertheless remained " blatant violations of the FARC-EP's obligations under international humanitarian law and in particular key provisions of article 4 of Protocol II, which protects against violence to the life, physical, and mental well-being of persons, torture, and ill-treatment.
The Continental campaign was carried on by Cumberland, defeated at Hastenbeck and forced to surrender at Convention of Klosterzeven ( 1757 ) and thereafter by Ferdinand of Brunswick, later victor at Minden ; Britain's Continental campaign had two major strands, firstly subsidising allies, particularly Frederick the Great, and second, financing an army to divert French resources from the colonial war and to also defend Hanover ( which was the territory of the Kings of England at this time )
* 1827-A Lao rebellion led by Anouvong was defeated in 1827, following which Siam destroyed Vientiane, carried out massive forced population transfers from Laos to the more securely held area of Isan, and divided the Lao mueang British Malayainto smaller units to prevent another uprising.
Despite the fact that Eck was thus virtually forced to abandon his position, he succeeded, through his good memory and his dialectic skill, in confusing the heavy-witted Karlstadt and carried off the nominal victory.
In 250, fed up with Sun Ba's constant attacks against Sun He, Sun Quan carried out an inexplicable combination of actions, He forced Sun Ba to commit suicide, while deposing Sun He ( who had not been shown to have committed any crimes ), and instead creating his youngest son, Sun Liang, crown prince to replace Sun He.
The French carried the day and forced the English out of the Boulevart and back into the last redoubt of the Tourelles.
UNFPA's connection to China's administration of forced abortions was disputed by investigations carried out by various US, UK, and UN teams sent to examine UNFPA activities in China.
Compounding this was the fact that while citizenship tests existed for Native Americans living in newly annexed areas before and after forced relocation, individual U. S. states did not recognize tribal land claims, only individual title under State law, and distinguished between the rights of white and non-white citizens, who often had limited standing in court ; and Indian removal was carried out under U. S. military jurisdiction, often by state militias.
In still worse currents, the entire cargo was unloaded (' décharge ') and carried overland while the canoe was forced upstream.
Plutarch, in his vita of Pericles, 24, mentions lost comedies of Kratinos and Eupolis, which alluded to the contemporary capacity of Aspasia in the household of Pericles, and to Sophocles in The Trachiniae it was shameful for Heracles to serve an Oriental woman in this fashion, but there are many late Hellenistic and Roman references in texts and art to Heracles being forced to do women's work and even wear women's clothing and hold a basket of wool while Omphale and her maidens did their spinning, as Ovid tells: Omphale even wore the skin of the Nemean Lion and carried Heracles ' olive-wood club.
Forty thousand Allied soldiers ( some who carried on fighting after the official evacuation ) were captured or forced to make their own way home through a variety of routes including via neutral Spain.
He was seized and carried to the governor, where he was forced to prove his vocation by producing several caricatures of the French ; particularly a scene of the shore, with an immense piece of beef landing for the lion d ' argent, the English inn at Calais, and several hungry friars following it.
The aircraft, that had been on a cargo flight from Blackbushe Airport to Belgrade, could be kept airborne, and a forced landing at Graz Airport was carried out, in which it ran off the runway.
If the legal revision which extends a protected period will be actually carried out, Aozora Bunko would be forced not to publish books which have already and almost been published because of the 20 years extension of protection of copyright.
In November 1947, Army units under the control of Phibunsongkhram carried out a coup which forced then Prime Minister Thawal Thamrong Navaswadhi to resign.
When she arrived, he overpowered her and forced her to drink whiskey until she became ill. Two of his bodyguards carried her to his car, where she fainted.
So some were ordered to draw stones from the stone quarries in the Arabian mountains to the Nile, and others he forced to receive the stones after they had been carried over the river in boats, and to draw them to those which are called the Libyan mountains.
The authorities too were forced to make concessions to the protest movement, strengthening security at public facilities after protesters disrupted telecommunications services by damaging a waveguide on a microwave repeater, disrupting telephone and data services, though TV transmissions continued as they were carried by a separate waveguide on the tower.
Because of the strong currents of the Tañon Strait between Cebu and Negros, they were carried for several days and forced to land on the western side of the island.
When his regiment was forced to retreat, he was wounded two more times while he carried the colors back to Union lines.
The court did find ample evidence of an existing kidnapping / forced movement programme of children in north-eastern Europe, but indicated that these activities were carried out by individuals who were not members of Lebensborn.
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