A Critical Dictionary of the French Revolution ( 1989 ), 1120pp ; long essays by scholars ; conservative perspective ; stress on history of ideas excerpt and online search from Amazon. com

A Critical Dictionary of the French Revolution ( 1989 ), 1120pp ; long essays by scholars ; conservative perspective ; stress on history of ideas excerpt and online search from Amazon. com

When presenting his ideas against the prevailing influences of catastrophism and progressive creationism, which envisaged species being supernaturally created at intervals, Darwin needed to forcefully stress the gradual nature of evolution in accordance with the gradualism promoted by his friend Charles Lyell.

Similar ideas can be found in other cultures, for example in China, where a concept often translated as " race " was associated with supposed common descent from the Yellow Emperor, and used to stress the unity of ethnic groups in China.

Many such views stress competition between individuals in laissez-faire capitalism ; but the ideology has also motivated ideas of eugenics, scientific racism, imperialism, fascism, Nazism and struggle between national or racial groups.

Other authors who stress the influence of Dominionist ideas on the Christian right include Michelle Goldberg and Kevin Phillips.

The underpinnings for the contemporary moral panic were found in a rise of five factors in the years leading up to the 1980s: The establishment of Fundamentalist Christianity and political organization of the Moral Majority ; the rise of the Anti-cult movement which spread ideas of abusive cults kidnapping and brainwashing children and teens ; the appearance of the Church of Satan and other explicitly Satanist groups that added a kernel of truth to the existence of Satanic cults ; the appearance of the child abuse industry and a group of professionals dedicated to the protection of children ; and the popularization of posttraumatic stress disorder, repressed memory and corresponding survivor movement.

His ideas on the relationship of Ego and Alter were developed by Pierre Janet ; while his stress on how " My sense of self grows by imitation of you ... an imitative creation " contributed to the mirror stage of Jacques Lacan.

Important related ideas are economic capital, backtesting, stress testing, expected shortfall, and tail conditional expectation.

Prosodic stress is also often used pragmatically to emphasize ( focus attention on ) particular words or the ideas associated with them.

ISTPs strive to follow the edicts of logic, but when they are under stress, their inferior function can lead them to illogically and stubbornly cling to their own ideas — sometimes to their own detriment, or even when proven wrong.

His ideas here, promoting a kind of Belgian nationalism, have also proved controversial, with many historians preferring to stress the economic unity of the Low Countries as a whole.

The CIA adopted some Gestapo and KGB methods such as waterboarding, sleep deprivation, and the use of electric shock, and researched new ideas: so-called ' no-touch ' torture involving sensory deprivation, self-inflicted pain, and psychological stress.

Much stress is given to ideas concerning life after death and the anticipation of final judgment.

It is important to stress that Yudkowsky's Friendliness Theory is very different from ideas relating to the concept that AIs may be made safe by including specifications or strictures into their programming or hardware architecture, often exemplified by Isaac Asimov's Three Laws of Robotics, which would, in principle, force a machine to do nothing which might harm a human, or destroy it if it does attempt to do so.

# stress that they have been working out their ideas for many decades, and claim that this fact alone entails that their belief cannot be dismissed as resting upon some simple error,

Contacts between the Italians and the Germans had been made and were developed in France, but the Italian left saw the KAPD's stress on factory organisation as being similar to the ideas of Gramsci's L ' Ordine Nuovo and therefore rejected closer contact.

#: This movement touches on the subject of state repression, evoking the years of terror under Joseph Stalin, and is the most elaborate musically of the symphony's five movements, using a variety of musical ideas to stress its message, from an angry march to alternating soft and violent episodes.

In 1985 they released a statement What we stand for that proclaimed their adherence to the ideas of Marx, Engels, Lenin and Trotsky but emphasized the theoretical contributions of Marx and Engels, Trotskys fight against Stalinism and Lenins " conception of the party, stress on the importance of national liberation struggles and the anti-statism shown in the State and Revolution ".

Quite often Burschenschaften decided to stress extreme nationalist or sometimes also liberal ideas, leading in time to the exclusion of Jews, who were considered to be un-German.

After 1570, most of the chansons he wrote incorporated the ideas of musique mesurée, the musical analogue to the poetic movement known as vers mesurée, in which the music reflected the exact stress accents of the French language.

Whereas Weber believed economic organization is based on structures of material interest and ideas, institutional sociologist like Biggart and Beamish stress macro-institutional sources of arrangements of market capitalism.

In the UK and US NPM has been challenged since the turn of the century by a range of related critiques such as Third Way thinking ( see Anthony Giddens ) and particularly the rise of ideas associated with Public Value Theory ( Mark Moore, Kennedy Business School, John Benington, Warwick Business School ) which have re-asserted a focus on citizenship, networked governance and the role of public agencies in working with citizens to co-create public value, generate democratic authorisation, legitimacy and trust, and stress the domains within which public managers are working as complex adaptive systems with characteristics which are qualitatively different from simple market forms, or private sector business principles.

From the mid-1920s onward Watchman Nee, strongly influenced by Plymouth Brethren ideas ( especially premillennialism ) but also by a stress on the Holy Spirit derived from the Holiness tradition, was an inspiring and compelling teacher.

Here he introduced those ideas by which the good parliament was governed – which involved the renunciation by the Church of temporal dominion.

Many-valued logics formalize ideas that a realistic characterization of the notion of consequence requires the admissibility of premises which, owing to vagueness, temporal or quantum indeterminacy, or reference-failure, cannot be considered classically bivalent.

Smithson's interest in the temporal is explored in his writings in part through the recovery of the ideas of the picturesque.

Some of the significant achievements of early Muslim philosophers included the development of a strict science of citation, the isnad or " backing "; the development of a method of open inquiry to disprove claims, the ijtihad, which could be generally applied to many types of questions ( although which to apply it to is an ethical question ); the willingness to both accept and challenge authority within the same process ; recognition that science and philosophy are both subordinate to morality, and that moral choices are prior to any investigation or concern with either ; the separation of theology ( kalam ) and law ( shariah ) during the early Abbasid period, a precursor to secularism ; the distinction between religion and philosophy, marking the beginning of secular thought ; the beginning of a peer review process ; early ideas on evolution ; the beginnings of the scientific method, an important contribution to the philosophy of science ; the introduction of temporal modal logic and inductive logic ; the beginning of social philosophy, including the formulation of theories on social cohesion and social conflict ; the beginning of the philosophy of history ; the development of the philosophical novel and the concepts of empiricism and tabula rasa ; and distinguishing between essence and existence.

In the Second Series of Gifford Lectures Royce temporalizes these relations, showing that we learn to think about ideas like succession and space by noting differences and directionality within unified and variable “ time ’ spans ,” or qualitative, durational episodes of the “ specious present .” Royce explains, “ our temporal form of experience is thus peculiarly the form of the Will as such .” ( The World and the Individual, Second Series, p. 124 ) Hence, for Royce, the will is the inner dynamism that reaches beyond itself into a possible future and acts upon an acknowledged past.

But ideas, considered dynamically, temporally instead of spatially, in light of what they do in the world of practice and qualities, do have temporal forms and are activities.

Words and ideas are cognized and understood by the temporal lobes behind the ears, and these temporal lobes are connected to the limbic system.

The application of these ideas of form and functional capacity only dictates temporal direction in relation to complex scenarios involving specific, non-metaphysical agency which is not merely dependent on human perception of time.

Some central ideas of Plato's dialogues are the Theory of Forms, i. e., that the mind is imbued with an innate capacity to understand and contemplate concepts from a higher order preeminent world, concepts more real, permanent, and universal than or representative of the things of this world, which are only changing and temporal ; the idea of the immortal soul being superior to the body ; the idea of evil as simple ignorance of truth ; that true knowledge leads to true virtue ; that art is subordinate to moral purpose ; and that the society of the city-state should be governed by a merit class of propertyless philosopher kings, with no permanent wives or paternity rights over their children, and be protected by an athletically gifted, honorable, duty bound military class.

Hybrid logics have many features in common with temporal logics ( which use nominal-like constructs to denote specific points in time ), and they are a rich source of ideas for researchers in modern modal logic.

" Those who read me know my conviction that the world, the temporal world, rests on a few very simple ideas ; so simple that they must be as old as the hills.

Some of the ideas behind CMML and the generic addressing of temporal offsets were proposed in a 1997 paper by Bill Simpson-Young and Ken Yap.

The Catholic Church mistrusted the Republic and the ideas of the French Revolution, as well as popular sovereignty, which questioned the superiority of the spiritual power over the temporal.

In other words, the temporal world is only truly understood when it is seen as making manifest the great eternal ideas – Platonic Forms – in ordered cosmic periods.

Legalism as a coherent philosophy disappeared largely due to its relationship with the unpopular authoritarian rule of Qin Shi Huang, however, many of its ideas and institutions would continue to influence Chinese philosophy until the end of Imperial rule during the Xinhai Revolution.

One spin-off of a now-defunct Nomic ( Nomic World ) is the Fantasy Rules Committee, which adds every legal rule submitted by a player to the ruleset until the players run out of ideas, after which all the " fantasy rules " are repealed and the game begins again.

The theorist Benedict Anderson argues that nations are " imagined communities " ( the members cannot possibly know each other ), and that the main causes of nationalism and the creation of an imagined community are the reduction of privileged access to particular script languages ( such as Latin ), the movement to abolish the ideas of divine rule and monarchy, as well as the emergence of the printing press under a system of capitalism ( or, as Anderson calls it, print-capitalism ).

He was visited once by Basil of Caesarea who took many of his ideas and implemented them in Caesarea, where Basil also made some adaptations that became the ascetic rule, or Ascetica, the rule still used today by the Eastern Orthodox Church, and comparable to that of the Rule of St. Benedict in the West.

They are related to our everyday ideas of probability by the simple rule that the probability of an event is the square of the length of the corresponding amplitude arrow.

Beyond its religious influences, the Rule of St Benedict was one of the most important written works to shape medieval Europe, embodying the ideas of a written constitution and the rule of law.

In the meantime, however, Khomeini was careful not to publicize his ideas for clerical rule outside of his Islamic network of opposition to the Shah which he worked to build and strengthen over the next decade.

Saddam feared that radical Islamic ideas — hostile to his secular rule — were rapidly spreading inside his country among the majority Shi ' ite population.

Another objection is that the rule demanding " coherence " in a system of ideas seems to be an unjustified belief.

Additionally, the Asian powers opened their orphanage systems to adoption, influenced as they were by Western ideas following colonial rule and military occupation.

Under British rule the island began to enjoy a period of increased free-speech, something which allowed further development of the Greek Cypriots ' ideas of Enosis.

Calhoun's constitutional ideas acted as a viable conservative alternative to Northern appeals to democracy, majority rule and natural rights.

An attempt to construct a most plausible explanation by locating it in what is known of the culture in which the story arose points to the interpretation that the Golden Fleece represents the ideas of kingship and legitimacy ; hence the journey of Jason to find it, in order to restore legitimate rule to Iolcos.

As seen by Lenin, Russia was reverting back to the rule of the Tsar, and it was the job of Marxist revolutionaries, who truly represented socialism and the proletariat, to oppose such counter-socialistic ideas and support socialist revolutions in other countries.

In accepting the ideas of the Austrian School regarding information flow, economic neoliberals were forced to accept that free markets were artificial, and therefore would not arise spontaneously, but would have to be enforced, usually through the state and the rule of law.

Intellectuals and others were suggesting radical ideas such as: " the CPC should give up power ," " intellectuals are virtually being tortured while living in a communist society ," " there is a total lack of freedom if the CPC is to continue on ruling the country ," " the country should separate with each Political Party controlling a zone of its own " and " Each political party in China should rule in transitional governments, each with a 4 year term.

An iconoclast, Jesus broke with established Jewish theological dogmas and social conventions both in his teachings and behaviors, often by turning common-sense ideas upside down, confounding the expectations of his audience: He preached of " Heaven's imperial rule " ( traditionally translated as " Kingdom of God ") as being already present but unseen ; he depicts God as a loving father ; he fraternizes with outsiders and criticizes insiders.

The main sources of classical or early Islamic philosophy are the religion of Islam itself ( especially ideas derived and interpreted from the Quran ), Greek philosophy which the early Muslims inherited as a result of conquests when Alexandria, Syria and Jundishapur came under Muslim rule, along with pre-Islamic Indian philosophy and Iranian philosophy.

The United States promoted Rizal, who was taken to represent peaceful political advocacy, instead of more radical figures whose ideas could inspire resistance against American rule.

The Court began its substantive analysis with a review of the principles of free speech clause jurisprudence, beginning with the general rule that the First Amendment prevents the government from proscribing speech, or even expressive conduct, because of disapproval of the ideas expressed.

While newer software tools are able to combine business rule management and execution, it is important to realize that these two ideas are distinct, and each provides value that is different from the other.

At times, this ideal also includes fear of and superiority over strong AIs and cyborgs, downplaying the ideas of integration, cybernetic revolts, machine rule and Tilden's Laws of Robotics.