In 1208, taking advantage of the quarrel between Prince Roman Igorevych and his boyars, Andrew occupied Halych and appointed a regent to govern the principality in his name, but Prince Volodymyr III Igorevych managed to reconquer his principality already in the following year.

In the second half of 1231, Andrew led his armies to Halych and managed to ensure his youngest son's rule in the principality.

In southeastern Anatolia, the Ayyubids continued to rule the principality of Hisn Kayfa and managed to remain an autonomous entity, independent of the Mongol Ilkhanate which ruled northern Mesopotamia until the 1330s.

Neither Vladimir, nor any other of the older cities of the principality, managed to regain the power of the Great Rus after the Mongol invasion.

Through the Treaty of San Stefano, the Russians, led by chancellor Alexander Gorchakov, had managed to create a Bulgarian autonomous principality under the nominal rule of the Ottoman Empire, thus sparking British well-entrenched fears of growing Russian influence in the East.

He remained in the field to the end of the war of 1697, the affairs of the principality being managed chiefly by his mother, the Dowager Princess Henriette Katharina ( in fact, she had been acting as regent since the death of his father until he reached adulthood the same year, but continued in charge of the government of Anhalt-Dessau for some time after he attained his majority ).

In the beginning of 2008, it was revealed that the BND had managed to recruit excellent sources within Liechtenstein banks and had been conducting espionage operations in the principality since the beginning of 2000s.

Starting with his native Ghori, an Aimak principality, Shahabuddin Ghauri proved to be a distinguished personality of history and managed to establish control over most of present-day Afghanistan, Pakistan and northern India.

It was not until 1291 when a joint force of Dragutin and Serbian king Stefan Milutin managed to defeat the brothers and, for the first time ever, the region came under the rule of a Serb, as it was annexed by Dragutin. As a response to Dragutin's annexation of the neighbouring Braničevo the bulgarian prince named Shishman that came to rule the semi-independent principality of Vidin around 1280, start to attack the Serbian domains to his west.

In 1484, the Ottomans under Bayezid II, managed to conquer Chilia and Cetatea Albă and incorporate it into their empire under the name of Budjak, leaving Moldavia a landlocked principality for many years to come.

Prior to the invasion of Europe, Batu and Subutai sent spies for almost ten years into the heart of Europe, making maps of the old Roman roads, establishing trade routes, and determining the level of ability of each principality to resist invasion.

They made well-educated guesses as to the willingness of each principality to aid the others, and their ability to resist alone or together.

After several endeavours to arrange for the administration of the country without active interference on the part of the Government, it was found necessary, on account of disorganization and disaffection, to place the principality in British hands.

In 1538, the Ottomans annexed more Bessarabian land in the south as far as Tighina, while the central and northern parts of Bessarabia were already formally a vassal of the Ottoman Empire as part of the principality of Moldavia.

However, the first major principality was the Medang Kingdom which was founded in central Java at the beginning of the eight century.

Various seditions against the Umayyad Caliphate rose-up in the emirs and caliphates of Al-Garb Al-Andalus ; the revolts of Ibn Marwan of Mérida / Badajoz or Umār ibn Hafsūn of Bobastro corresponds to a period of weak central government, when the Al Garb was a nominal extension of the Caliphate, an autonmous principality with its seat in Batalyaws ( Badajoz ).

The Isfendyarid principality became a district of the eyalet of Anatolia.

Although the Ottomans were only a small principality among the numerous Turkish beyliks, and thus posed the smallest threat to the Byzantine authority, their location in north-western Anatolia, in the former Byzantine province of Bithynia, became a fortunate position for their future conquests.

Nevertheless, when Prince Vladimir II Yaroslavich of Halych, who had been expelled from his country by his subjects, fled to Hungary seeking for assistance in 1188, King Béla III had him arrested and occupied his principality and he invested Andrew with Halych.

However, Andrew denied to transfer the agreed territories to Duke Leszek I who made an alliance with Prince Mstilav of Novgorod and they drove away Andrew's troops from the principality.

In 1229, Prince Danylo of Halych expelled Andrew's youngest son from his principality, while Frederick II, Duke of Austria started to attack the western borders of the kingdom in 1230.

The German word Land is the exact cognate of English land but it carries many political, constitutional, and historical meanings absent from the English term ( among other things a constituent state of the German Federal Republic, historically a principality of the Holy Roman Empire, but also " rural " as opposed to " urban ", etc .— the Swedish lantis equating to " country bumpkin " or " hick "— most of these meanings are borne by the Anglo-Norman word country in English ).

Daniil Aleksandrovich, the youngest son of Alexander Nevsky, founded the principality of Moscow ( known as Muscovy in English ), which eventually expelled the Tatars from Russia.

It became the residence of the dukes of Lower Silesia in 1163 and was the seat of a principality ruled from 1248-1675.

The politics of Monaco have traditionally been under the autocratic control of the Prince of Monaco, and from its founding, the principality was a monarchy ruled by the House of Grimaldi ; however, with the creation of a Constitution in 1911, the Prince relinquished his autocratic rule and the principality became a constitutional monarchy.

The absence of a personal income tax in the principality has attracted to it a considerable number of wealthy " tax refugee " residents from European countries who derive the majority of their income from activity outside Monaco ; celebrities such as Formula One drivers attract most of the attention, but the vast majority of them are less well-known business people.

* The Principality of Hutt River ( formerly " Hutt River Province "), a farm in Western Australia, claims to have seceded from Australia to become an independent principality, with a worldwide population numbered in the tens of thousands.

After decades of rivalry between the medieval kingdoms, modern Nepal was created in the latter half of the 18th century, when Prithvi Narayan Shah, the ruler of the small principality of Gorkha, formed a unified country from a number of independent hill states.

Instead of aiming to gain land from non-Muslims, Orhan took over a Turkish principality, Karesi ( present Balikesir and surrounds ).

After the expansion from its home in Bithynia, the Ottoman principality began incorporating other Turkish-speaking Muslims and non-Turkish Christians, becoming the Ottoman Turks and ultimately the Turks of the present.

* Treaty of Berlin ( 1878 ), which recognized an autonomous Bulgarian principality and the independence of Romania, Serbia and Montenegro from the Ottoman Empire

French title to the principality subsequently passed from the kings to the president of France.

Rollo ( c. 846 – c. 931 ), baptised Robert and so sometimes numbered Robert I to distinguish him from his descendants, was a Norse nobleman of Norwegian or Danish descent and founder and first ruler of the Viking principality in what soon became known as Normandy.

On 30 June 1810 the French army handed over the former principality to the what was now the Kingdom of Bavaria, which it had bought from Napoleon for 15 million francs.

In 822, the Serbs are mentioned as " inhabiting the larger part of Dalmatia " ( Serbian lands ), and Emperor Constantine VII ( r. 913 – 959 ) writes in his work " De Administrando Imperio " about the Serbs, mentioning the White Serbs that " migrated from Βοϊκι " and formed a principality, as well as an early chronological list of Serbian monarchs starting from the 7th century.

Emperor Constantine VII ( r. 913 – 959 ) writes in his work " De Administrando Imperio " about the Serbs, mentioning the White Serbs that " migrated from Βοϊκι " and formed a principality, as well as an early chronological list of Serbian monarchs starting from the 7th century.

In 839 Salerno declared independence from Benevento, becoming the capital of a flourishing principality stretching out to Capua, northern Calabria and Puglia up to Taranto.

Lysanias was put to death in 33 BC, at the instigation of Cleopatra, and the principality passed, by a sort of purchase apparently, into the hands of one Zenodorus, from whom it was transferred ( 31 BC ) to Herod the Great.

The royal family, the House of Orange-Nassau, derives its name in part from its former holding, the principality of Orange.

Fürst is German for ' prince ', but while the German language distinguishes between the head of a principality ( der Fürst ) and the son of a monarch ( der Prinz ), English uses prince for both concepts.

Since William III died childless in 1702 the principality became a matter of dispute between Prince John William Friso of Nassau-Dietz of the Frisian Nassaus and King Frederick I of Prussia, who both claimed the title Prince of Orange.

The principality of Carantania is particularly notable for the ancient ritual of installing Carantanian dukes ( or princes, both an approximate translation of Fürst ), a practice that continued after Carantania was incorporated into the later Duchy of Carinthia.

Should Caroline succeed Albert and become reigning Princess of Monaco, she would become Her Royal Highness ( by virtue of her married title ) Caroline I, Princess of Monaco, although her father and brother both bore the lower style of Serene Highness because Monaco is a principality, not a kingdom.

On June 12, 1348, German king and later emperor Karl IV granted the Duchy of Pomerania as a whole and the Rugian principality as a fief to the dukes of both Pomerania-Stettin and Pomerania-Wolgast, erasing Brandenburg's claims, which however was not accepted by Brandenburg until 1529.

In 1719, Charles VI created the new principality of Liechtenstein from the domains of Schellenberg and Vaduz, which were both held by the Liechtenstein family.

Until 1883 Wakhan was a principality on both sides of the Panj and Pamir Rivers, ruled by a hereditary ruler ( mir ) with his capital at Qila-e Panja.

Especially in the Holy Roman Empire, a large number of Prince-bishops, Prince-archbishops and superiors of the regular clergy ( mainly Prince-abbots, but also-abbesses, Prince-Provosts and Grand masters ) obtained for their seats, concurrent with the ecclesiastical office, one or more secular feudal estates of various status and importance ( from tiny mere lordships to fairly great principalities such as duchies ), that would otherwise be hereditary and often had been ; in other cases territories were carved out especially by a higher authority, such as the empire, notably for an ( arch ) diocese or monastery, under such names as Stift ( German ; in the case of a diocese rather Hochstift, for an archdiocese rather Erzstift ) or Sticht ( Dutch ), both meaning foundation, e. g. to set up a close relative as its first prelate ; occasionally a normal secular style principality was created but immediately awarded to a prelate, such as the duchy of Westphalia for the Archbishop and Prince-elector of Cologne.

This intrepid, although suicidal show of force and determination, so impressed by UTTO, that in order to save lives on both sides, he decided to resolve the issue by negotiation, thus placing Mofac and his principality under his protectorate of Utto, Isulan municipality derived its name from “ ISU-SILAN “ which means “ Progress ”.

Since William III died childless in 1702 the principality became a matter of dispute between Frederick I of Prussia and John William Friso of Nassau-Dietz, who both claimed the title Prince of Orange.

The broadcaster has to compete with TV and radio stations from both France and Spain whose transmissions can easily be picked up in the principality.