His reign saw the appearance of the Institutes of Gaius, an elementary legal manual for beginners ( see Gaius ( jurist )).

His reign saw the incorporation of the County of Urgell, Duchy of Athens, and Duchy of Neopatria into the Crown of Aragon.

Also as Salieri aged he moved slowly away from his more liberal political stances as he saw the enlightened reform of Joseph II's reign, and the hoped for reforms of the French revolution, replaced with more radical revolutionary ideas.

With the Hanoverian accession in Britain onwards, monarchs saw their powers pass further to their ministers, and Royal neutrality in politics became cemented from around the start of the reign of Queen Victoria ( though she had her personal favorites ) and enlargements to the franchise.

Co-emperor alongside his brothers, his short reign saw the beginnings of conflict emerge between the sons of Constantine the Great, and his attempt to exert his perceived rights of primogeniture ended up causing his death in a failed invasion of Italy in 340.

Domitian firmly believed in the traditional Roman religion, and personally saw to it that ancient customs and morals were observed throughout his reign.

The reign of Alfonso XIII ( 1886 – 1931 ) saw the Spanish-American War of 1898, culminating in the loss of the Philippines plus Spain's last colonies in the Americas, Cuba and Puerto Rico ; the " Great War " in Europe ( now known as World War I, 1914 – 1918 ), although Spain maintained neutrality throughout the conflict ; the influenza pandemic nicknamed the Spanish Flu ( 1918 – 1919 ); and the Rif War in Morocco ( 1920 – 1926 ).

His reign also saw the rise to dictatorship of General Miguel Primo de Rivera, who seized control of the government by military coup in 1923 and ruled as a dictator – with the monarch's support – for seven years ( 1923 – 1930 ).

His reign saw vital developments in legislature and government — in particular the evolution of the English parliament — as well as the ravages of the Black Death.

Henry I was one of the weakest kings of the Franks, and his reign saw the rise of some very powerful nobles such as William the Conqueror.

His reign also saw the launch of the First Crusade to regain the Holy Land, which heavily involved his family although he personally did not support the expedition.

His reign saw the French royal domain and influence greatly expanded.

However, Louis XIV's long reign saw France involved in many wars that drained its treasury.

His reign saw an expansion of the empire, including the invasion of Britain in 43 AD.

The first year of Jahangir's reign saw a rebellion organized by his eldest son Khusraw with the assistance of the Sikh Guru Arjun Dev and others.

An aesthete, Jahangir decided to start his reign with a grand display of " Justice ", as he saw it.

His reign saw the establishment of the first military orders, the Knights Hospitaller and the Knights Templar ; the earliest surviving written laws of the kingdom, compiled at the Council of Nablus in 1120 ; and the first commercial treaty with Venice, the Pactum Warmundi, in 1124.

France's exile of the highly respected Sultan Mohammed V to Madagascar in 1953 and his replacement by the unpopular Mohammed Ben Aarafa, whose reign was perceived as illegitimate, sparked active opposition to the French protectorate both from nationalists and those who saw the sultan as a religious leader.

Mehmed III's reign saw no major setbacks for the supposedly declining Ottoman Empire.

Many of the Romans saw the beginning of Otto the 2nd ’ s reign as a glimmer of hope that it might be possible for them to recover their ancient rights and even free themselves from foreign rule.

The reign of Peter I's daughter Elizabeth in 1741 – 62 saw Russia's participation in the Seven Years ' War ( 1756 – 63 ).

Thiele saw this as evidence that the northern kingdom was measuring the years by a non-accession system ( first partial year of reign was counted as year one ), whereas the southern kingdom was using the accession method ( it was counted as year zero ).

The reign of Alfonso II from ( 791-842 ) saw further expansion of the northwest kingdom towards the south and, for a short time, it almost reached Lisbon.

His reign saw the massive migration of native Sinhalese people to the south and west of Sri Lanka, and into the mountainous interior, in a bid to escape his power.

Of the public transactions of this period there is only the scantiest of information, but, to judge by what is extant, those twenty-two years were not remarkably eventful in comparison to those before and after his reign.

The earliest documented event in Alaric's reign concerned providing refuge to Syagrius, the former ruler of the Domain of Soissons ( in what is now north western France ) who had been defeated by Clovis I King of the Franks.

In 148 BC, in what the Romans called the Fourth Macedonian War, he was defeated by the Roman praetor Q. Caecilius Metellus ( 148 ) at the Second Battle of Pydna, and fled to Thrace, whose prince gave him up to Rome, thus marking the final end to Andriskos ' reign of Macedonia.

The book records the first 39 years of what the Nephites termed " the reign of the judges ", a period in which the Nephite nation adopted a constitutional theocratic government in which the judicial and executive branches of the government were combined.

Though the unified reign of the First Qin Emperor lasted only 12 years, he managed to subdue great parts of what constitutes the core of the Han Chinese homeland and to unite them under a tightly centralized Legalist government seated at Xianyang ( close to modern Xi ' an ).

During his reign the words " Scots " and " Scotland " () are first used to mean part of what is now Scotland.

However, in what is sometimes called the Post-Vulgate Merlin, Excalibur was given to Arthur by the Lady of the Lake sometime after he began to reign.

Jien also explains that during the reign of Emperor Suinin, the first High Priestess ( Saiō, also known as saigū ) was appointed for Ise Shrine in what would become known as Ise province.

In addition to conflicts between his Spanish and German inheritances, conflicts of religion would be another source of tension during the reign of Charles V. Before Charles even began his reign in the Holy Roman Empire, in 1517, Martin Luther initiated what would later be known as the Reformation.

In 180, Hadrian's Wall was breached by the Picts and the commanding officer or governor was killed there in what Dio Cassius described as the most serious war of the reign of Commodus.

During his reign ( 1880 – 1901 ), the British and Russians officially established the boundaries of what would become modern Afghanistan.

Most of the textual requirements concerning the Messiah, what he will do, and what will be done during his reign are located within the Book of Isaiah, although requirements are mentioned in other prophets as well.

Paintings created under his reign were closely catalogued, dated and even signed, providing scholars with fairly accurate ideas as to when and in what context many of the pieces were created, in addition to their aesthetic qualities.

Long-term stipulations, such as what should happen when the individual monarch ceases to reign and a new monarch succeeds, were not among those achieved without problems, as subsequent events show during the next 130 years.

He started his reign with the intention of doing for the navy what his grandfather Wilhelm I had done for the army.

During the reign of Juba II Emperor Augustus ( who created in the area of what is now northern Morocco 12 colonies with retired Roman legionaries ) had already founded three colonias, with Roman citizens, in Mauretania close to the Atlantic coast: Iulia Constantia Zilil, Iulia Valentia Banasa and Iulia Campestris Babba.

Much what is known about his reign is obtained from the Livonian Rhymed Chronicle and the Hypatian Codex.

In particular, the Pope engaged for most of his reign in what looked like a personal war against Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta, Lord of Rimini, with the result of the almost complete submission of that condottiero.

* The 2007 film The Last Legion, and the novel on which it is based, includes a heavily fictionalized account of the reign and subsequent life of Romulus Augustus ; escaping captivity with the aid of a small band of loyal Romans, he escapes to Britain, where he takes a place in what will become Arthurian legend as Uther Pendragon, the father of King Arthur, and a previous wielder of Excalibur ( Here the sword of Julius Caesar ).

The reign of Sancho the Great not only expanded the Navarese territories when they absorbed Castile, Leon, and what was to be Aragon in addition to other small counties which would also unite and become the Principality of Catalonia, but it also helped form the Galician independence as well as getting overlordship on Gascony.

According to a 17th century chronicler, Ibrahim had asked Suleiman not to promote him to such high positions, fearing for his safety ; to which Suleiman replied that under his reign no matter what the circumstance, Ibrahim would never be put to death.

Indeed, such was the perceived threat of the Ottoman Empire under the reign of Suleiman that ambassador Busbecq warned of Europe's imminent conquest: " On Turks ' side are the resources of a mighty empire, strength unimpaired, habituation to victory, endurance of toil, unity, discipline, frugality and watchfulness ... Can we doubt what the result will be ?... When the Turks have settled with Persia, they will fly at our throats supported by the might of the whole East ; how unprepared we are I dare not say.