Historians Keith Hopkins and Mary Beard tentatively estimate a total of 400 arenas throughout the Roman Empire at its greatest extent, with a combined total of 8, 000 deaths per annum from all causes, including execution, combat and accident.

Historians working after the Soviet Union's dissolution have estimated victim totals ranging from approximately 4 million to nearly 10 million, not including those who died in famines.

Historians suggested that one robber, Cadet Guillot, took several jewels including the French Blue as well as the Côte-de-Bretagne Spinel and others to Le Havre and then to London, where the French Blue was cut into two pieces.

The New Historians (, HaHistoryonim HaHadashim ) are a loosely-defined group of Israeli historians who have challenged traditional versions of Israeli history, including Israel's role in the Palestinian Exodus in 1948 and Arab willingness to discuss peace.

Historians attribute Faribault's impressive growth during this period to a number of important milestones which were passed in 1855 and 1856, including the creation of roads connecting to other settlements and trading posts in Iowa and Minnesota Territory, the availability of mail service, and the construction of schools and churches.

That same month she joined several other literary figures, including Dorothy Parker and Archibald MacLeish, in forming and funding a company, Contemporary Historians, Inc., to back a film project, The Spanish Earth, to demonstrate support for the anti-Franco forces in the Spanish Civil War.

Historians, including Donald Grinde of the University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, have claimed that the democratic ideals of the Gayanashagowa provided a significant inspiration to Benjamin Franklin, James Madison and other framers of the United States Constitution.

Historians have debated the strength of the organization, but it was likely between 25, 000-35, 000 ( including part-time members and non-combatants ) by the time of the Allied invasion of Normandy in June 1944.

Historians disagree on the details of Reynolds ' death, including the specific time ( either 10: 15 a. m. or 10: 40 – 10: 50 a. m .), the exact location ( on East McPherson Ridge, near the 2nd Wisconsin Infantry, or West McPherson Ridge, near the 19th Indiana ), and the source of the bullet ( a Confederate infantryman, a Confederate sharpshooter, or friendly fire ).

Historians of distance riding said that most of Hopkins ' claims as depicted in the film, including the race, have been ' tall tales ' or hoaxes.

Historians have added many other cases, including historic empires such as ancient Rome, the Ottoman Empire and China, along with a wide range of minor kingdoms in history.

In the course of his career, he headed several professional organizations, including the Association of Historians and Geographers of Mali, the West African Association of Archaeologists, and the Union of West African Researchers.

Historians point out the parallels between the incidents at Jotapata and Masada, including Eleazar's second speech corresponding to the speech which Josephus himself delivered at Jotapata under similar circumstances and the transference of the lottery motif from the former to the latter.

Historians Ruth Vanita and Saleem Kidwai, in their pioneering book, Same-Sex Love in India: Readings from Literature and History, for the first time compiled extracts from Indian texts, from ancient to modern times, including many Hindu texts, translated from 15 Indian languages.

Historians, including eyewitnesses like Caesar, have given us accounts that place the Sicambri firmly at the delta of the Rhine, and archaeologists have confirmed ongoing settlement of peoples.

The company also takes part in a number of international book fairs, including London Art Book Fair, NY Art Book Fair, Association of Art Historians Annual Conference and Book Fair and PA / PER VIEW.

Historians have criticized Bullitt for being too influenced by the last person to whom he spoke and for including too much gossip in his dispatches to Washington.

Numerous duplicate photographs have been donated over time to other institutions, including The Arts Club of Chicago, the Society of Architectural Historians, Landmarks Illinois and Preservation Chicago.

Historians from Romblon ’ s various municipalities claimed that the original settlers of their towns were Aetas, including the towns of Odioñgan and San Agustin.

The Marxist historians included members of the Communist Party Historians Group, including E. P. Thompson, Christopher Hill, Eric Hobsbawm, Rodney Hilton, and Dona Torr.

A subcategory of Koreanologists is Historians of Korea, including Bruce Cumings, James Palais, Roger Tennant and others.

Historians have praised them particularly for the vivid portraits of the leading figures in English life, including James II, William III, Danby, Sunderland, the Duke of Lauderdale and the Marquis of Halifax.

Historians have ascribed various motives to al-Alkami's opposition to submission, including treachery and incompetence, and it appears that he lied to the Caliph about the severity of the invasion, assuring Al-Musta ' sim that, if the capital of the caliphate was endangered by a Mongol army, the Islamic world would rush to its aid.

Historians like Donald Morris hold that his political genius laid the basis for a relatively light hegemony.

Historians have searched for superlatives to describe him, as in the case of Professor Donald Detwiler, who wrote:

Historians Victor Davis Hanson and Donald Kagan have argued that Epaminondas's so-called " oblique formation " was not an intentional and preconceived innovation in infantry tactics, but was rather a clever response to circumstances.

* Levitt, Joseph " Creighton, Donald Grant " pages 112-114 from Great Historians of the Modern Age edited by Lucian Boia, Westport, C. T: Greenwood Press, 1991 ISBN 0-313-27328-6.

* Vance, Jonathan " Creighton, Donald Grant " pages 258-259 from The Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing, Volume 1, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn, 1999

Historians such as Donald point out it was not unusual at that time for two men to share even a small bed due to financial or other circumstances, without anything sexual being implied.

Historians Bruce Catton and Glenn Tucker make firm assertions that a sharpshooter was responsible ; Stephen Sears credits volley fire from the 7th Tennessee against the 2nd Wisconsin ; Edwin Coddington cites the sister's letter and finds the sharpshooter theory to be partly credible, but leans towards Sears ' conclusion ; Harry W. Pfanz agrees that the location was behind the 2nd Wisconsin, but make no judgment about the source of the fire.

Historians suspect it was designed either by Murdoch Bruce, a Scottish who was inspector of buildings, or by Lieutenant Bernard, collinson of the Sappers.

* Bruce Cole introducing the NDNP to the Organization of America Historians

Historians identify several waves of migration to the United States: one from 1815 – 1860, in which some five million English, Irish, Germanic, Scandinavian, and others from northwestern Europe came to the United States ; one from 1865 – 1890, in which some 10 million immigrants, also mainly from northwestern Europe, settled, and a third from 1890 – 1914, in which 15 million immigrants, mainly from central, eastern, and southern Europe ( many Austrian, Hungarian, Turkish, Lithuanian, Russian, Jewish, Greek, Italian, and Romanian ) settled in the United States.

Later, Hemingway, Dos Passos, Lillian Hellman and others founded the company Contemporary Historians, which produced another film called The Spanish Earth ( 1937 ), directed by Joris Ivens and edited by van Dongen.

Thompson formed the Communist Party Historians Group along with Christopher Hill, Eric Hobsbawm, Rodney Hilton, Dona Torr and others.

Historians such as Joseph Needham have seen this group as developing a precursor philosophy of science that was never fully developed, but others believe that recognizing the Logicians as proto-scientists reveals too much of a modern bias.

Historians Hans Kohn, Liah Greenfeld, Philip White and others have classified nations such as Germany or Italy, where cultural unification preceded state unification, as ethnic nations or ethnic nationalities.

Historians, folklorists, anthropologists, sociologists, journalists, linguists, and many others employ some form of interviewing in their research.

Historians differ in their assessments as to who was the principal player in the purchase ; the Jefferson biographer Peterson notes a range of opinion among those who credit Napoleon, or others who credit Jefferson, his secretary of state James Madison, and his negotiator James Monroe.

Historians Witner and Ratch, and many others, reported it was used as a fortification to threaten the French right flank, despite being beyond effective reach of guns of the period.

Historians differ over the motive for his conversion to Islam, some suggest it was a reaction to a social slight inflicted upon him, because he was a Jew, while others suggest he was forcibly converted at the edge of a sword ( which prompted Maimonides to comment upon Anusim.

Historians remained divided, with some believing it was a lost opportunity while others think it would have had much less impact than Galland estimated.

Historians both in China and abroad have generally portrayed her as a despot and villain responsible for the fall of the Dynasty, while others have suggested that her opponents among the reformers succeeded in making her a scapegoat for problems beyond her control, that she stepped in to prevent disorder, that she was no more ruthless than other rulers, and that she was even an effective if reluctant reformer in the last years of her life.

Historians have in general been divided, with one group seeing the revolt as a push for liberalism and freedom on the model of the French Revolution and others arguing that it was little more than a military coup, similar to those made about the 1952 movement.

Historians have also been divided over the reasons for the British invasion, with some arguing that it was to protect the Suez Canal and prevent " anarchy ", while others argue that it was to protect the interests of British investors with assets in Egypt ( see 1882 Anglo-Egyptian War ).

Historians tried to identify the others cycladic islands in the text but nothing is really convincing.

Historians are divided, however, on the implications of Bohr's political actions in Sweden, some arguing that he was among those rescued and therefore could have played no role in facilitating the mass rescue, whereas Richard Rhodes and others interpret Bohr ’ s actions in Sweden as being a necessary precursor without which that mass rescue could not have occurred.

Historians are divided as to who destroyed the city ; some name Sargon of Akkad ( who stated that he had passed through Mari on his famous campaign to the west ), while others say it was the Eblaites, Mari's traditional commercial rivals.

Historians have struggled to document the number of victims: some sources report up to 1, 830 victims ; others estimate 955 people killed.

He was born in Manchester and studied at Balliol College Oxford University and was a member of the Communist Party Historians Group before leaving the party in 1956 with many others.

Historians claim that very large numbers of Jews – as high as 80, 000 – arrived after the destruction of the First Temple, to join others already long established in places such as the oasis of Khaybar as well as the trading colonies in Medina and Mecca ( where they even had their own cemetery ).

Historians are still divided as to its ultimate goals, some believing that it was to be limited to Nazi German domination of Europe, while others maintain that it was a springboard for eventual world conquest and the establishment of a world government under German control.

Samuel was awarded a scholarship to Balliol College, Oxford where he became a member of the Communist Party Historians Group, alongside Christopher Hill, E. P. Thompson and others.

Historians, genealogists, and others who work with dates in this era commonly denote Julian calendar dates in the interval between January 1 and March 24 with the ' Old Style ' suffix ( OS ) when presenting these dates with their original year value, or to use a mixed-style date syntax which combines original and adjusted values.