Historically, a great number of coinage metals ( including alloys ) and other materials ( e. g. Porcelain ) have been used practically, artistically, and experimentally in the production of coins for circulation, collection, and metal investment, where bullion coins often serve as more convenient stores of assured metal quantity and purity than other bullion.

Historically the first decade of semiconductor electronics were entirely based on germanium, although its production for such use today is a small fraction ( 2 %) of that of ultra-high purity silicon, which has largely replaced it.

Historically, the holes were seen as a sign of imperfection and cheese makers originally tried to avoid them by pressing during production.

Historically, vacuum levels in production vacuum tubes typically ranged from 10 µPa down to 10 nPa.

Historically there have also been negative consequences, mostly associated with the dams normally required for power production.

Historically, in North America, one of the most economically destructive pests in cotton production has been the boll weevil.

Historically, this task was performed by hand: production of cotton required hundreds of man-hours to separate the seeds from a useful amount of lint.

Historically, Grand Touring cars had to be in series production, but in 1976 the class was split into production based Group 4 Grand Touring Cars and Group 5 Special Production Cars which were essentially pure-bred racing cars with production-lookalike bodies.

Historically, the mediæval French word bourgeois denoted the inhabitants of the bourgs ( walled market-towns ), the craftsmen, artisans, merchants, and others, who constituted " the bourgeoisie ", they were the socio-economic class between the peasants and the landlords, between the workers and the owners of the means of production.

Historically, tree farming, trucking, and pulp production have characterized a large portion of the local economy.

Historically, the first large-scale industry was salt production.

Historically the area has had some grazing land uses as well as grain production.

Historically, past industries formerly located in Rochester included a refinery for sugar beets, a paper products company, and the Western Knitting Mills factory, which was later adapted and utilized during World War II for incendiary production — businesses that no longer exist in the area.

Historically, a " communist state " referred to a system where public ownership of all or most means of production by the Communist party-run state is deemed necessary to further the interests of the working class ; today, a communist state can also, for instance, refer to contemporary China and Vietnam, where a Communist Party-run state exists alongside a mixed economy.

Historically, Marx argues, surplus-value originated outside production in the first commercial forms of exchange-usury, merchant, rentier and bank capital and their associated lending operations.

Historically, the biggest production of oleum came from the distillation of iron sulfates at Nordhausen, from which the historical name Nordhausen sulfuric acid is derived.

Historically, the area was agricultural and was noted for its rich cereal production.

Historically, the markers originally used were detectable phenotypes ( enzyme production, eye color ) derived from coding DNA sequences ; eventually, confirmed or assumed noncoding DNA sequences such as microsatellites or those generating restriction fragment length polymorphisms ( RFLPs ) have been used.

Historically the town was known as a major centre for the production of textiles ( mainly linen ) after the industrial revolution and it continued to be a major producer of textiles until that industry steadily declined in the 1990s and 2000s.

Historically, merchant banks ' original purpose was to facilitate and / or finance production and trade of commodities, hence the name " merchant ".

Historically Galloway has been famous both for horses and for cattle rearing, and milk and beef production are both still major industries.

Historically, many homes had access to orchards, gardens for vegetable production and pasture for domestic animals.

Historically, many homes had access to orchards, gardens for vegetable production and pasture for domestic animals.

Historically, the Gaelic word mòd () refers to any kind of assembly.

Historically, all living things were grouped as either animals or plants, and botany covered the study of all organisms not considered to be animals.

Historically, mycology was a branch of botany because, although fungi are evolutionarily more closely related to animals than to plants, this was not recognized until a few decades ago.

Historically, potassium hydroxide was extracted from the ashes of bracken or other plants.

Historically, botanical gardens exchanged plants through the publication of seed lists ( these were called in the 18th century ).

Historically, central plants have been an integral part of the electric grid, in which large generating facilities are specifically located either close to resources or otherwise located far from populated load centers.

Historically, the term forage has meant only plants eaten by the animals directly as pasture, crop residue, or immature cereal crops, but it is also used more loosely to include similar plants cut for fodder and carried to the animals, especially as hay or silage.

Historically, in Europe, Walahfrid Strabo ( 808 – 849 ), abbot and poet from Reichenau, advisor to the Carolingian kings, discussed it in his Latin Hortulus as one of the 23 plants of an ideal garden.

Historically wood gas generators were often mounted on vehicles, but present studies and developments concentrate mostly on stationary plants.

Historically, the use of two guns at once, one in each hand, is most associated with the American Old West, where revolvers holding only six rounds of ammunition were the highest capacity handguns available and reloading was a slow process.

Historically almost all early computers were accumulator machines ; and many microcontrollers still popular as of 2010 ( such as the 68HC12, the PICmicro, the 8051 and several others ) are basically accumulator machines.

Historically the languages were spoken over a larger area: West to the mouth of the Vistula river in present-day Poland, at least as far East as the Dniepr river in present-day Belarus, perhaps even to Moscow, perhaps as far south as Kiev.

Historically, allegations of cannibalism were used by the colonial powers to justify the enslavement of what were seen as primitive peoples ; cannibalism has been said to test the bounds of cultural relativism as it challenges anthropologists " to define what is or is not beyond the pale of acceptable human behavior ".

Historically, in Socialist systems collectivist economics were carried to their furthest extreme, with a minimum of private ownership and a maximum of planned economy.

Historically, the baudot and braille keyboards were standardized to some extent, but they are unable to replicate the full character set of a modern keyboard.

Historically, Charlton's most successful period was the 1930s, when the club's highest league finishes were recorded, including runners-up of the First Division in 1937.

Historically, Japanese attempts to normalize their relationship with China were met with Taiwanese accusations of ingratitude.

Historically, cranberry beds were constructed in wetlands.

Historically, RT-11 also served as the inspiration for many microcomputer OS's, as these were generally being written by programmers who cut their teeth on one of the many PDP-11 models.

Historically, lawyers in most European countries were addressed with the title of doctor, and countries outside of Europe have generally followed the practice of the European country which had policy influence through modernization or colonialization.

Historically, division rings were sometimes referred to as fields, while fields were called “ commutative fields ”.

Historically, some encyclopedias were contained in one volume, but some, such as the Encyclopædia Britannica or the world ´ s largest Enciclopedia universal ilustrada europeo-americana, became huge multi-volume works.

Historically, distances were often measured by chains such as Gunter's chain, and angles using graduated circles and, later, the theodolite.

Historically, elliptic functions were discovered as inverse functions of elliptic integrals.

( Historically, division rings were sometimes referred to as fields, while fields were called commutative fields.

Historically, the hadrons ( mesons and baryons such as the proton and neutron ) and even whole atoms were once regarded as elementary particles ( indeed, the word " atom " means " indivisible ").

Historically, this area of Lochaber was strongly Clan Cameron country, and there were a number of mainly Cameron settlements in the area ( such as Blarmacfoldach ).

Historically they were sometimes called Feynman-Dyson diagrams or Dyson graphs, because when they were introduced the path integral was unfamiliar, and Freeman Dyson's derivation from old-fashioned perturbation theory was easier to follow for physicists trained in earlier methods.